Evsel katı atıkların geoteknik özellikleri
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75357
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. OĞUZ TAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Evsel atıklar, Jeoteknik özellikler, Katı atıklar, Domestic wastes, Geotechnical properties, Solid wastes
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Geoteknik Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
The term waste is used to denote unwanted materials by the community. Increasing population and consumption, land-use problems and development of consciousness to the environment have forced to design sanitary landfill areas with minimum contamination effect to the environment. Solid waste disposal methods can be summarized as:. Landfilling (field disposal). Incineration. Composting. Recycling In all the methods and facilities above, field disposal is the most preferred technic in waste management. Waste maybe generated in the form of solids, sludges, liquids, gases and any combination thereof. Municipal landfills are heterogeneous mixtures, which are primarily of residential and commercial origin. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) consists of metals, paper and paper products, plastics, rubber, leather, wood, textile, food and yard waste, glass and inorganic materials. The composition of waste in one region changes year to year. Also composition of waste varies in a wide range from city to city even country to country. Generally, the variations in the composition can be given as follows: MSW landfill design is a matter of geotechnics. Each and every step in the design of a landfill, geotechnical engineers have to solve crucial problems and the observations must be conducted through the lifetime of the landfill. Important geotechnical design problems in the field of waste mechanics are: static and dynamic stability of waste structures, e.g. slope stability and bearing capacity of landfills Seasonal changes affect the moisture content as well as the age of the waste pile. The field permeability is dependent on the degree of compaction, waste aging, etc. The suggested values for the permeability coefficient is about 10“5 m/s. Relatively small values like 10”7 m/s can also be reached according to the degree of compaction in the field. The consolidation of MSW is complex subject because of the heterogeneous structure and the large voids expected to be in the initial refuse fill. There are numerous studies on this subject. Field plate load tests and laboratory oedometer tests are conducted by different researchers (The laboratory tests are made usually on large scale testing devices). The aim of the tests is to derive the consolidation parameters. These parameters are compression index (Ce) and coefficient of consolidation (CV) for consolidation settlement, coefficient of secondary compression (Ca). Again a variety of results is available on the compression of MSW. The compression index changes from 0.1eo to 0.55 e0. And Ca varies in the range of 0.02 to 0.3. It is obvious that the organic content is a major factor affecting on the compression parameters. The surface settlements can reach to 10%-30% of the original landfill height. This may be harmful and destructive on the structures top of the waste pile and on the structures in the waste body. It is showed that the settlements nearer to the surface are much bigger than the settlements deeper through the waste pile (Surface settlements can be two times greater). The most important geotechnical parameters of a sanitary landfill are the shear strength parameters. Friction angle O, and cohesion intercept c have to be evaluated for the subsequent stability analysis. These parameters are related to failure conditions. If it is not possible to identify failure conditions to a predetermined deformation level a deformation criterion has to be defined. Some of the researchers whom worked on large triaxial tests couldn't observe failure at high deformation levels up to 40-50%. Shear resistance of MSW have been investigated by various researchers by means of; - laboratory tests - in-situ tests - in-situ load tests - back calculations - back calculations under earthquake loading conditions Laboratory test data are mainly based on the simulated artificial refuse samples, laboratory compacted samples, Shelby tube samples, usually large scale triaxial or direct shear tests. In-situ tests are Vane and Standart Penetration Tests. A group of collected data is shown in Figure 1 summarizing all the results. XIV60%. Seasonal changes affect the moisture content as well as the age of the waste pile. The field permeability is dependent on the degree of compaction, waste aging, etc. The suggested values for the permeability coefficient is about 10“5 m/s. Relatively small values like 10”7 m/s can also be reached according to the degree of compaction in the field. The consolidation of MSW is complex subject because of the heterogeneous structure and the large voids expected to be in the initial refuse fill. There are numerous studies on this subject. Field plate load tests and laboratory oedometer tests are conducted by different researchers (The laboratory tests are made usually on large scale testing devices). The aim of the tests is to derive the consolidation parameters. These parameters are compression index (Ce) and coefficient of consolidation (CV) for consolidation settlement, coefficient of secondary compression (Ca). Again a variety of results is available on the compression of MSW. The compression index changes from 0.1eo to 0.55 e0. And Ca varies in the range of 0.02 to 0.3. It is obvious that the organic content is a major factor affecting on the compression parameters. The surface settlements can reach to 10%-30% of the original landfill height. This may be harmful and destructive on the structures top of the waste pile and on the structures in the waste body. It is showed that the settlements nearer to the surface are much bigger than the settlements deeper through the waste pile (Surface settlements can be two times greater). The most important geotechnical parameters of a sanitary landfill are the shear strength parameters. Friction angle O, and cohesion intercept c have to be evaluated for the subsequent stability analysis. These parameters are related to failure conditions. If it is not possible to identify failure conditions to a predetermined deformation level a deformation criterion has to be defined. Some of the researchers whom worked on large triaxial tests couldn't observe failure at high deformation levels up to 40-50%. Shear resistance of MSW have been investigated by various researchers by means of; - laboratory tests - in-situ tests - in-situ load tests - back calculations - back calculations under earthquake loading conditions Laboratory test data are mainly based on the simulated artificial refuse samples, laboratory compacted samples, Shelby tube samples, usually large scale triaxial or direct shear tests. In-situ tests are Vane and Standart Penetration Tests. A group of collected data is shown in Figure 1 summarizing all the results. XIV100 80.?cı* U 60 40 20 10 20 30 40 Angle of shearing resistance (degrees) Figure 1 Results of Shear Tests on MSW 50 In the study conducted by the author, artificial refuse samples are prepared including granular plastics, sand and geotextile material inserted in order to achieve a fibre behaviour like MSW. A square shear box having plan area of 100 cm2 and height of 4.3 cm was used. The samples were prepared and placed in the box having a 3 cm height. Shear velocity was 0. 12 mm/min. The plastic samples can be divided into three groups according to their shapes. These are: - BK: cubic (side lengths are approximately 3 mm) - BS : cylindrical ( cylinder height 3.5 mm, cylindric diameter 2 mm) - BM: circular plate (plate thickness 2 mm, max. particle dimension 4.5 mm, min. particle dimension 3.5 mm) According to the chemical composition BK and BS is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), BM is high density polyethylene (HDPE). Pure sand under No. 10 standart sieve was used so called KM. The index properties of these individual samples are shown in Table 1. XVThe results of the shear box tests can be seen in Table 4. Table 4. Results of shear box tests In the experimental study failure was observed. A 11.5% of the shear box length should be applied as a shear displacement because of the device boundary conditions. It corresponds to a shear displacement 1 1.5 mm. The fibre effect can be seen on the shear stress-displacement graphs. Mixtures with fibres show a behaviour closer to non-brittle. XVllThe results of the shear box tests can be seen in Table 4. Table 4. Results of shear box tests In the experimental study failure was observed. A 11.5% of the shear box length should be applied as a shear displacement because of the device boundary conditions. It corresponds to a shear displacement 1 1.5 mm. The fibre effect can be seen on the shear stress-displacement graphs. Mixtures with fibres show a behaviour closer to non-brittle. XVll
Benzer Tezler
- An Investigation about the designing procedures, problems and criteria of the solid waste landfill areas on geotechnical point of view
Katı atık depolama alanlarının geoteknik açıdan dizayn yöntemleri, kriterler ve karşılaşılan problemler
TARIK ERAY ÇAKIR
- Adana ili sınırları içerisinde evsel atıklar için uygun depolama sahalarının belirlenmesi
Siting suitable areas for land disposal of solid waste within the city limits of Adana
ŞENDA KOÇ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1999
Jeoloji MühendisliğiÇukurova ÜniversitesiJeoloji Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
YRD. DOÇ. DR. HASAN ÇETİN
- Konya metropolü evsel katı atıklardan geri kazanılabilir maddelerin potansiyelinin araştırılması
Başlık çevirisi yok
ERGÜN PEHLİVAN
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1995
Çevre MühendisliğiYıldız Teknik ÜniversitesiÇevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ.DR. M. TALHA GÖNÜLLÜ
- Cation exchange capacity and contaminant uptake properties of some natural clays as potential landfill liners
Yalıtım malzemesi olarak kullanılabilecek bazı doğal killerin katyon değiştirme kapasiteleri ve kirleticileri tutma özellikleri
GANİME ASLI SEZER
Yüksek Lisans
İngilizce
1998
Jeoloji MühendisliğiOrta Doğu Teknik ÜniversitesiJeoloji Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. ASUMAN G. TÜRKMENOĞLU
- Katı atık düzenli depolama sahalarında oluşan çöp sızıntı suları ve arıtılması
Başlık çevirisi yok
ŞENOL YILDIZ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2000
Çevre MühendisliğiGebze Yüksek Teknoloji EnstitüsüÇevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. MEHMET KARPUZCU