Tarihsel süreci içinde bir özel yargı organı olarak Divan-ı Harb-i Örfiler (1877-1922)
As a particular institution of judgement martial law courts (Divan-ı Harb-ı Örfi) in its historical period (1877-1922)
- Tez No: 51745
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. YAVUZ ERCAN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Tarih, History
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Askeri mahkemeler, Askeri yargı, Ceza, Divan-ı Harp, Osmanlı Devleti, Military courts, Military judgement, Punishment, Court Martial, Ottoman State
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
During the period of Tanzimat and Meşrutiyet, like in many other fields, The Ottoman Empire underwent important changes and developments in the field of justice and judiciary. Divan-ı Harb-i örfî (Military Courts) is a special example of this change as a particular institution of judgement. These courts we have investigated started to operate with the beginning of the Russo- Ottoman War in 1877, soon after the declaration of the first Meşrutiyet. The courts were founded depending on the örfî idare which is a kind of extra ordinary administration based on tradition and whose judicial power stemmes from the Constitution of 1876 and functioned as part of this administration. In spite of certain insurrections, judiciary function of the courts continued from then onwards to the end of the Ottoman Empire. Divan-ı Harb-i Örfî's were military courts. Although civil members of judiciary staff took part in the committee of court at intervals, military character of these courts never changed. Judging in these courts were carried out in a simple manner. The decisions were absolute. As criminal courts not all cases were heard in these courts, but only those cases confined to the field of jurisdiction of their own. These cases comprised the crimes committed against the state so as to threaten the internal and external safety of the state, all other kinds of crimes associated with secret sociaties, crimes of rebellion and terror, usurpation, robbery, theft, profiteering, pillaging, deportation and crimes of assasination as concerned with deportation. This study of military courts consists of four chapters. In the first chapter were examined the regime of administration by custom on which the courts are dependent and the peculiarities of the so called administrative regime. In the second chapter, the foundation and organization of the courts were touched. In the third chapter, the field of jurisdiction of the courts and their duties were dealt with. In the last chapter ways of judging of the courts, sorts of punishment, settling of penalties, execution of sentences and ways of amnesty were handled. »SBBS»
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