Francis Bacon'un“Novum Organum”adlı eserinin felsefe tarihindeki yeri
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 41620
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. MUBAHAT KÜYEL (TÜRKER)
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Felsefe, Philosophy
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bacon, Francis, Felsefe tarihi, Bacon, Francis, Philosophy history
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY Francis Bacon (1561-1626), fell into the dislike of philosophy of Aristotle in Cambridge when he was a student Novum organum was published in 1 620, this work gives us the fundemental points of Bacon's philosophy. According to Bacon, human is the minister and interpreter of nature. Human's goal must be discover forms in 'nature'. Bacon's notion of forms is central to his Philosophy of Scientific Method. According to him, we must observe 'nature' and we acquired nature's laws or forms. But, there are four idols in the human mind. Idols of the tribe, idols of the cave, idols of the market place, idols of the theatre. They obstacle to understand the nature. Novum organum gives us a new method. Bacon's new method increase our power over nature. Because in his opinion, human knowledge and human power meet in one. Bacon stress the value of inductive method. Deductive method is useless to progress the sciences,“Syllogism consist of proposition, proposition consist of words, words are symbols of notions. Therefore if the notions themselves are confused and overhastily abstracted from the facts, there can be no firmness in the superstructure. Our only hope therefore lies in a true induction.”Was Bacon's Novum Organum the method of Sicience? Important in Bacon's theory of science is his concept of forms. In this concept he did not Platonic ideas have a transcendent status in nature. Forms indicate the invariable laws of nature. They are source of science and experimantation. Platon separete ideas from sensible things. Forms (laws) are only found in the particular manifestation of nature. Bacon uses the language of Aristotle. Bacon concludes by saying that motion is the genus of which heat is a species. By this he means, he says, tahat the essence of heat is motion and nothing else. According to Galileo, the real world is a world of mathematically measurable motions in space and times. Bacon is purely qualitative character of statement. In this respect Bacon completely missed the tonality which lay behind the success of seventeen century science. Science was becoming a primarily quantitative.
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