Turunçgil meyvelerinde penicillium Türklerinin oluşturduğu depo çürüklerine karşı kimyasal savaşım olanakları üzerinde araştırmalar
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 35971
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. NAFİZ DELEN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Ziraat, Agriculture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bahçe bitkileri, Meyveler, Penicillium, Turunçgiller, İn vitro, İn vivo, Horticultural crops, Fruits, Penicillium, Citrus fruits, In vitro, In vivo
- Yıl: 1994
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ege Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
69 ÖZET Penicillium spp.'nin neden olduğu çürüklükler turunçgil meyvelerinin gerek hasat öncesi, gerekse hasat sonrası en önemli hastalıklarından birisidir. Bu etmenler son yıllarda turunçgil işleme ve paketleme evlerinde, depolarda ve özellikle uzak ülkelere yapılan ihracatlarda önemli zararlara neden olmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi, tarımsal savaşımda bilinçsizce Pestisid. kullanımı birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu sorunlardan özellikle, hastalık etmenlerinin fungisidlere karşı duyarlılıklarının azalması, kimyasal savaşımın başarısızlığına neden olmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımla Penicillium spp. savaşımında kullanılan fungisidlerin duyarlılık azalışı açısından durumunu belirlemek, elde edilen bulgular ışığında fungisidlerin kullanım stratejilerini saptamak ve duyarlılığı azalmış izolatları n pratikteki önemini araştırmak amacıyla bu çalışma yapılmıştır. 1990-1991, 1991-1992 dönemlerinde Ege ve Akdeniz bölgelerinde turuncgi] işleme ve paketleme evlerinden 139 izolat elde edilmiştir (70 P. italicum ve 69 P. digitatum). Yapılan ayrı mlarda izolatlar limon meyvelerine inokule edildi ve patojen olan izolatlar PDA (Patates Dekstroz Agar) besiyerindeki renklerine göre teşhis edildi. Penicillium spp.'nin kimyasal savaşımda kullanılan fungisidlere karşı duyarlılık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla 96 Penicillium izolatı (48 P. italicum ve 48 P. digitatum) fungisid içeren ve içermeyen CYA (Czapek Yeast Extract Agar) besiyerinde miselyal gelişim ve spor çimlenmeleri denemeleriyle 2 gruptan 4 fungiside (Benomyl, Thiabendazole, Prochloraz ve İmazalil) karşı testlendi. Miselyal gelişimle ilgili olarak ED değerleri ve spor 5072 values for mycelial growth and Minumum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) for spore germination were calculated. As a result of these in vitro experiments, imazalil and prochloraz were determined as the most effective fungicides for Penicillium spp. ED50 values of Prochloraz and imazalil varies from <0.3 to 1.2 ug/ml for P. italicum. from <0.3 to O.ââ for P. digitatum. It has also been obtained some data indicating that the pathogen became resistant to TBZ and benomvl. In addition, six of the isolates of Penicillium spp. with reduced sensitivities were tested for stability of the reduction of sensitivities and growth rate of these isolates. The ED_ values 50 of these six isolates after ten transfers on CYA medium containing no fungicide could tend to decrease their sensitivities. In this experiments., there is no correlation between their reduction of sensitivity and adaptation to nature. According to in-vivo trials, it is concluded that imazalil may control the pathogen effectively. However., while TBZ with all tested doses had no effect for controlling the isolates with reduced sensitivities against both fungicides groups., imazalil could control the isolates at high doses but, at low doses (Doses of were TBZ: 5000, 2500., 1250 ug/ml and imazalil concentration, 2000., 1000, 500 ug/ml). When evaluating the results, it has been concluded that Penicillium spp. isolates may be come resistance to TBZ and benomyl from benzimidazole group at the application level in practice, however no resistance to imazalil was seen in vitro. But, it can be mentioned that the sensitivity reduction to imazalil can be a potential danger as regards to resistance. But, possibility of resistance problem to imazalil in practice could not be ignored in the future.
Özet (Çeviri)
'71 SUMMARY Citrus fruit decay caused by Penicillium spp. is one of the most important disease of both preharvest and post-harvest. These pathogens may cause significant losses in citrus processing and packinghouse, at stores, and especially during transportation to distant countries. As it is known, carelessly and unknowingly pesticide usage may lead many problems in agricultural control. Some of these problems, especially reduction of the pathogen sensitivities to fungicides may result in unsuccessful chemical control. With this approach, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of the fungicides used for controlling of Penicillium spp. as regards to reduction of sensitivity, in the light of these findings to determine the application strategies of the fungicides, and to research the importance of the isolates with reduced sensitivity in practice. During the period of 1990-1992 139 isolates were collected from citrus processing and packinghouse in Aegean and Mediterranean Regions (70 P-italicurn and 69 P. digit a turn ). After sorting of the isolates, the isolates were inoculated on lemon fruits and the pathogen ones were identified according to their colors on PDA (Potato Dekstroz Agar) medium in petri dishes. To determine the sensitivity levels of Penicillium spp. to the fungicides used in chemical control, the total of 96 Penicillium isolates (48 P-ÜaliçHIP and 48 P. dj[gi tattım) were tested to four fungicides from two groups (Benomyl, Thiobendazole, Prochloraz and ImazaliD with their mycelial growth and spore germination trials on CYA (Czapex Yeast Agar) medium that include the fungicide or not. ED 5072 values for mycelial growth and Minumum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) for spore germination were calculated. As a result of these in vitro experiments, imazalil and prochloraz were determined as the most effective fungicides for Penicillium spp. ED50 values of Prochloraz and imazalil varies from <0.3 to 1.2 ug/ml for P. italicum. from <0.3 to O.ââ for P. digitatum. It has also been obtained some data indicating that the pathogen became resistant to TBZ and benomvl. In addition, six of the isolates of Penicillium spp. with reduced sensitivities were tested for stability of the reduction of sensitivities and growth rate of these isolates. The ED_ values 50 of these six isolates after ten transfers on CYA medium containing no fungicide could tend to decrease their sensitivities. In this experiments., there is no correlation between their reduction of sensitivity and adaptation to nature. According to in-vivo trials, it is concluded that imazalil may control the pathogen effectively. However., while TBZ with all tested doses had no effect for controlling the isolates with reduced sensitivities against both fungicides groups., imazalil could control the isolates at high doses but, at low doses (Doses of were TBZ: 5000, 2500., 1250 ug/ml and imazalil concentration, 2000., 1000, 500 ug/ml). When evaluating the results, it has been concluded that Penicillium spp. isolates may be come resistance to TBZ and benomyl from benzimidazole group at the application level in practice, however no resistance to imazalil was seen in vitro. But, it can be mentioned that the sensitivity reduction to imazalil can be a potential danger as regards to resistance. But, possibility of resistance problem to imazalil in practice could not be ignored in the future.
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Başlık çevirisi yok
IRAZ AKPINAR
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1990
Gıda MühendisliğiÇukurova ÜniversitesiBahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. NURRETTİN KAŞKA