Saf ve cam elyaf takviyeli naylon 6 numunelerinin kalıplanması ve bazı özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Molding and determination of some properties of nylon 6 with and without glass fiber reinforcement
- Tez No: 21693
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. A. TUNCER ERCİYES
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Kimya Mühendisliği, Chemical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Cam elyafı, Plastikler, Fiberglass, Plastics
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Poliamidler çok yönlü yapısal özellikleri ve bu özelliklerinin değiştirilmesi üzerine çok çeşitli araştırmalara uygundur. Bu sebeple yeni yeni kullanım sahaları elde edilmektedir. Örün geliştirme araştırmalarında sertlik ve mukavemet artışları sağlayan cam elyafla kuvvetlendirme en çok kullanılan metotlardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada da, bu gerçekten yola çıkılarak saf, %15 ve %30 cam elyaflı Naylon 6 pelletlerin, 300°C silindir sıcaklığındaki el presiyle iki parçalı demirden yapılmış bir kalıba^enjeksiyonu yapılarak kalıplanması yapılmıştır. Kalıplanan parçalardan test numuneleri hazırlanıp bazı özellikleri test edilmiştir. Numunelerde gözlenen mekanik, elektrik ve fiziksel özelliklerdeki değişiklikler, literatürde belirtilen yönde olmuştur. Daha sonraki çalışmalarda, geniş cam elyaf oranı aralıklarında veya daha başka katkı maddeleriyle incelemeler devam ettirilebilir. VI
Özet (Çeviri)
MOLDING AND DETERMINATION OF SOME PROPERTIES OF NYLON 6 WITH AND WITHOUT GLASS FIBER REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY In this study, specimens of molded Nyl>on-6 were prepared with and without reinforced form. As a reinfarcing agent, glass fiber was used in various proportion and its effects an the properties of spe cimens were determined. Reinforcement of plastics involves the inclusion of a fibrous reinforcing agent in the plastic, thus increasing the mechanical strength. The one-dimensional fibre is stronger than the plastic and the reinforcement is provided in a direction parallel to the fib re.' There is little or no effect in the direction perpendicular to the fibre and, in same cases the strength in this direction is ac tually reduced £ The type of fibre used varies from short lengths of chopped fibre, through loasely woven mat and tightly woven cloth to single continuous in the form of paper or cloth. The strength properties of polyamides are increased by the addition of glass fibers. Fibrous glass is produced by melting with C, E or S glass and passing the molten mass traugh small orifices. The C glass has a low soda content and is resistant to most acids except hydrofluaric acid. The E glass is a lime-alumina-borasilicate glass. The S glass is characterized by high modulus and high tensile strength at temperatures as high as 1600°F. The extruded filaments, which range from 3' to 19 xlO"b vim in diameter, may be combined as multiple filaments or bunds (strands). Rcving are rapelike untwisted multi-strands. Reinforced plas tic structures may contain as much as 80 percent by weight of con tinuous rovings. Chopped-strand mat may consist of resinous banded strands or mechanically bonded strands. Continuous strand mat con sists of unchopped strands laid down in swirl pattern. Mat-rein forced resin may contain up to 50 percent glass. The binders are usually thermosetting resins, such as polyester, epoxy, silicone, or phenolic resins. VllFilament-wound structures consist of resin-impregnated filaments oriented with either helical or polar winding to provide a balanced high strength structure. A size is applied to protect the glass fibers after they are extruded. Additional finishes consisting of caupling agents are applied to assure a good bond between the resin and the glass surface. Finishes such as aminopropyltriethoxysilane or chromic methacrylate complex are essential for strong resin-glass bonds. A finish provides a strong band when the energy of its adhesion to the fibrous surface is sufficient to prevent displacement by water. The physical properties of thermoplastics such as polystrene, styreneacrylonitrile copolymers, ABS copolymers, acetals, acrylics, chlorinated polyether, polysulfones, polycarbonates, polyethylene, pol i propylene, nylon, and poly (ethyleneterephthal ate) are improved by addition of 30 to 40 percent glass fibers. Little reinforcement is noted with less than 10 percent glass, more than AQ percent produces moldings with inferior surface properties Reinforced nylons are used for exterior body components such as fender extensions, decorative louvers, f i lies plates, license- plate packets, gastank filler doors, head-lamp housings, cross-over panels, and many similar applications. These components can be pointed by the standart processes, although different primers are used than for metals In this study, experimental studies was made as follows: Moflding of the dried samples (pellets) was performed by using a simple mold made of iron with the diameter of 130 mm. With this mold specimens with the diameter of 90 mm and the thickness of 3,2 mm were obtained. A hand press was used for injection the sample which was melted at 300°C temperature of cylinder. Testing specimens were prepared by cutting in appropriate sizes from the molded parts. With applied tests in order to determine the following properties. 1- Tensile properties £- Flexural properties 3- Dielectric constant 4- Water absorption 5- Specific gravity VlllBefore the tests, specimens were conditioned according to the method B explained in ASTM D 618-54 Tensile and flexural properties were tested in INSTRON 1195 tensile machine under a testing speed of 5 mm/min. The load of breaking was determined for each sample. In addition the strength of specimens were calculated by dividing the maximum load by the original cross-sectional area. For flexural properties, the specimens were tested as a simple beam loaded of midspan. The maximum fiber-stress of the specimens for a simple beam of rectangular cross section were calculated by using the formula given below. <İ= 3 PL/2bd2 5e = Maximum fiber-stress in kg per square mm, P = Load in kg, L = Distance between support* In mm, b = With of beam tested in mm, d = Depth of beam tested in mm. For the dielectric constant, the specimens were tested by General Radio 1608-A impedance bridge. First, capacitance of specimens was determined and then dielectric constant was calculated from the fol lowing formula, *r =Cd/A£o ir -Dielectric constant C -Capasidance of specimen, (F) d =Thickness of specimens, (m) A =Area of electrodes, (m2) $0=A constant, 8<85 1Q-i2 (F /mK For water absorption test, the conditioned specimens were pla ced in a container of distilled water maintaned at a temperature of 23+1. 1°C. At the end of 24 hr, the specimens were removed from the water, wiped with a dry cloth and weighed immediately. The percen tage increase in weight during immersion calculated as follows: Increase in weight,. wt_conditioned wt per cent = 100 x j.r°. j V. - conditioned wt. For specific gravity tests, Method A of ASTM 792-50 was applied calculation is made as follows: ixsp.gr. (23/23°C)=a/(a-b-c) a= Weight in grams of sample in air b= Weight in grams of sample in water c= Loss in weight in grams of wire in water The optained results were collected in Table 1 Table 1 The Applied Tests And Obtained Results In The Study Legends N: for normal specimens cutted which are in a direction parallel to the injection way C: For cross specimens cutted which are in a direction vertical to the injection way As can be seen from table 1, the properties of specimens change depending on the amounts of glass fiber. These changes are similar to those given in the literature as follows. Tensile strength and fiber stress increased with the increase in the amount of glass fiber. There is not a significant difference between the dielectriccontant values af the specimens as shown in Table 1. The amount of absorbed water (decreased with the increase in the amount of glass fiber. ' Specific gravity of specimens increased with the increase in the amount of glass fiber. XI
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