Cellular and molecular characterisation ofthe formation of the pineal organ
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- Tez No: 725614
- Danışmanlar: DR. CLEMENS KİECKER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Nöroloji, Psikoloji, Neurology, Psychology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2017
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Kıng's College London
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
The pineal gland develops from the dorsal part of the diencephalon and is responsible for nocturnal melatonin secretion. The pineal gland is a focus of interest because of its varying structures and functions among different vertebrates. However, the formation of the pineal organ has not been defined yet. In this research, different characteristics of the pineal development were investigated using several fluorescent staining methods and RNA in situ hybridisation in the chick embryos. The initial pineal evagination comprises upregulation of microfilaments and extracellular matrix on the luminal side. Conversely, the surrounding neural tube undergoes apoptosis and downregulation of the basal lamina. In the region where a new pineal branch forms, microfilaments and extracellular matrix are broken down and cellular structure seems disorganized, which is indicating there might be a migration from the main pineal tube towards the new branch. Cell division can be found in every region of the main pineal organ and its branches. Interestingly, the number of cell deaths are larger than neighbour neural tube and apoptosis occurs in every region like the cellular proliferation. Electroporation of BMP4, Wnt3, Dkk1 wnt antagonist, and PRDC BMP antagonist showed that BMP and Wnt signals might be necessary for the formation of the pineal gland and the modulation of apoptosis. Moreover, it was revealed that there is not any cellular migration from the epidermis into the pineal anlage. To understand how the closure of the neural tube affects the formation of the pineal gland, the fusion of the neural folds was prevented. It was found that bilateral pineal-specific gene expression on each side of the neural plate is not sufficient to induce a pineal development and the neural fold fusion might be guiding the pineal formation. Finally, distinct vertebrate pineal organs were viewed using different cell staining technics. It was observed that the morphology in the early steps of the pineal formation has been conserved in evolution
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