Türkiye'nin diplomatik ilişkileri ve insan hakları uygulamaları (1980-1995)
The Diplomatic relations of Turkey and its human rights practices (1980-1995)
- Tez No: 72290
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. BASKIN ORAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Diplomasi, Türkiye, İnsan hakları, Diplomacy, Turkey, Human rights
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Uluslararası İlişkiler Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
196 ABSTRACT Human rights whose roots stem from the ancient times, have progressed over the years and reached its present status becoming an important factor in international relations and politics. The process started after World War II with the foundation of the United Nations which played an important role in carrying the human rights issues to the international arena. The process gained further momentum with the establishment of the regional organizations which were more sensitive to the human rights issues like the European Council. The establishment of the international control mechanisms on human rights practices within these organizations removed the human rights issues from the jurisdiction of the nations and placed them in an international context, in effect, turning them into factors affecting the diplomatic relations among the nations. With the Helsinki Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the principals put forward within the declarations further progress occurred in the human rights. Turkey, who has taken important steps toward reaching its goal of integrating with the Western World has been greatly affected from this international progress in human rights. The human rights practices became no longer a part of Turkey's internal affairs but rather gained an international dimension. When the effect of the human rights practices in Turkey on its diplomatic relations are considered for the 12 September 1980 - 1993 period, as is apparent from the study, every step taken by Turkey concerning human rights has been closely watched and its various practices and legal procedures violating human rights have been intensively criticized. These criticism have been centered around Turkey's not abiding with the Western standards on human rights and democracy, for violating the human rights convention it has signed and for not amending its laws so as to be in accordance with the agreements made. Hence, the human rights issues have become an important element affecting Turkey's diplomatic relations. With the military coup on 12 September 1980, due to the changing political and human rights practices, Turkey encountered serious problems in its diplomatic relations with the other nations and faced even with the danger of being removed from the European Council. In addition, the activities of the Association Council established197 between Turkey and the European Council were suspended for a long time and five European countries brought a complaint before the European Human Rights Commission against Turkey due to its violations against human rights. The reactions of the international community concerning the human rights practices in Turkey were not confined to the bounds of criticisms but from time to time, sanctions were also imposed on Turkey. These sanctions ranged from the suspension of monetary aid promised to Turkey by the European Parliament and some European countries to the consignment of military goods and arms. Turkey reacted strongly to these criticisms and sanctions stemming from its human rights practices and domestic political developments. Within this context, serious tension in the relations of Turkey with the NGOs built up and Turkey accused some Western European countries for interfering with its internal affairs. Turkey, especially reacted against the sanctions and even considered limiting its relations with some European countries which have criticized it immensely. In recent years, the criticisms faced by Turkey have motivated it to take positive action concerning human rights practices within the context of the domestic and international law. Turkey signed Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the European and UN Conventions Against Torture, and recognized the compulsory jurisdiction of the European Human Rights Court (Article 46 of the European Convention on Human Rights) and the right of individual application to the Courts (Article 25 of the European Convention on Human Rights). Turkey made some positive progress within the context of domestic law concerning especially capital punishment, torture and inhuman and degrading treatment, individual freedom and protection, freedom of travel, freedom of religion and freedom of expression. While during the periods when Turkey took positive steps concerning the human rights practices in domestic and international law, these reactions of the international community have somewhat toned down, in other periods when negative steps are taken, the degree of criticisms have grown. These reactions determined the route of the diplomatic relations of Turkey. Hence, Turkey's diplomatic relations and its human rights practices paralleled each other. In conclusion, it can be asserted that the progress in human rights issues in the international law has affected Turkey which has recognized most of the international198 control mechanisms designed within the context of human rights issues. Turkey's human rights practices became an international concern rather than being a part of Turkey's internal affairs and have greatly affected its diplomatic relations.
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