Su ortamında yaşam ve yerleşim üzerine bir araştırma
A Study on life and settlements in aquatic environment
- Tez No: 67801
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. A. AYDIN KUNT
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Kıyı şeridi, Su yapıları, Sulu ortamlar, Yerleşim alanları, Coastal line, Water structures, Aqueous media, Settlement areas
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Mimari Tasarım Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ÖZET Çalışma yedi bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde; çalışmanın amacı, kapsamı, yöntemi anlatılmıştır. İkinci bölümde; çevre, doğal çevre elemanı su ve su döngüsü açıklanmış, suyun insan üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde; ilk çağlardan günümüze değin göl kıyısı yerleşimleri, yaşayan topluluklar ve yaşam biçimleri araştırılmıştır.Bunun yanısıra yapay göl yerleşimlerinden de örnekler incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde; nehir, kanal ve boğaz yerleşimleri başlığı altında, nehir kıyısı yerleşimlerinden, insanlar tararından yapılmış kanallardan ve iki denizi birleştiren boğazlardan örnekler verilmiştir. Mimarinin nasıl biçimlendiği ve suyun yerleşimin kimliğine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu su kütlelerinin ayırdığı kara parçalarını birleştiren bir mimari eleman olan köprüler, çeşitli örnekler verilerek incelenmiştir. Beşinci bölüm; denizdeki gelişmelerdir. Günümüze kadar yapılmış deniz kıyısı düzenleme çalışmaları, özellikle kentlerin deniz üzerindeki gelişimi araştırılmış ve su altı yapıları da irdelenmiştir. Altıncı bölüm; adalardır. Bu konu, doğal ve yapay adalar olmak üzere iki bölümde ele alınmıştır. Yedinci bölüm ise ; sonuç ve öneriler bölümüdür. xıı
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY This study consists of seven chapters. The first chapter consists of the aim, scope and methods of the study. The second chapter studies environment, water as an environmental element and the effects of water on human. In the third chapter the settlements on the lake and at the lakefront are studied. The civilizations, the communal living and the life styles are examined. The fourth chapter consists of selections of waterfront settlements at rivers, straits and artificial straits. The architectural context, how it is shaped and the effect of water on the settlement is studied. Also the bridges which combine the lands that are seperated by these water bodies are presented by some examples. In the fifth chapter the developments on the sea body is studied. The coastal reorganization studies, the floating cities and cities under water are examined in this chapter.“Sea shapes lifes like it shapes the coasts”SUARES Water is the source of life for human being and all living creatures; and it has been accepted as the birthplace of life. In other words life has started with water and is surviving with water. Water is what blood is for the living creatures. Water has so far effected nature directly and this direct effect is obvious and permanent on civilizations. In early times man has lived on or beyond the water body for reasons of shelter. Then water has kept its significant existance in human life because of its facilities like transportation, being one of the sources for food etc. The developed cities in the world today are the first settlements around the water bodies like rivers, lakes or sea. Water has major effect on social and economic developments of these cities. Today the world suffers the fact that the environmental equilibrium has shifted to deterioration. The resources are getting scarcer each passing day. The world is in search of alternative accomodation areas and water is the first to consider since 3/4 of our earth is covered with water. If water is to be considered as a solution it has to be assessed in all aspects by the designers. All previous and recent projects, studies and trials of water projects should be examined. xuiIf the sea is to be considered as the new alternative area to live and to accomodate, then the importance of this subject for our nation and country is obvious as being a land surrounded by sea at three sides. The rapid and irregular increase in human population, disorganised urbanization, heavy traffic, scarcing enviromental values and green fields has caused the worries for the future of mankind and has motivated the people for alternative accomodation styles. The decrease in working hours and differentiating life styles has also reshaped the social and cultural structures. In this aspect water may be an alternative way of living which will be solution or this“search of new and different”. When water is assessed as an alternative for accomodation this will also help the land to gain what it has lost through the ages, and may shift back the equilibrium for good. While mankind is searching for new alternatives on water he will have the chance to review his old experiences on land. This review will enable the man to be cautious not to make the same mistakes that have been made on land. On the other side the enviromental designers and architects will have the major responsibility. A new technology will be necessary for these future designs. Today the world is on its way to globalization, thus the problems should be handled globally. This trend will lead the nations to a unity, to one world city. It is obviously hard to apply such a great project. Besides the national and regional evaluations, the project should be assessed in an universal approach. This study is a collection of projects which are architecturally related to water, and the aim is to search for the experiences and to make use of them as a base to future water projects. The water elements in or out of the building, the artificial landscape elements are not examined in this study. Water exists in nature in various forms in sense of quantity and quality. Water is classified as rain/snow, surface waters and subterranean waters. In this study only the effect of surface waters to architecture is examined. The settlements on, in and next to the water bodies are studied. In this study the main difficulty encountered has been the classification of the projects. However the selections are classified as; 1. The projects established on or beyond the water bodies surrounded by land (lakes), 2. The projects established at the front of the water bodies inbetween two lands (river, canal, straits), 3. The projects established at water bodies which are bordered by land (sea) 4. The projects established on lands which are surrounded by water ( islands ). Projects established on filled lands are studied in the third section, whereas the floating projects are assessed as artificial islands and studied in the fourth section while some of these floating projects are connected to the land. xiv
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