Rotor kafes şekilleri ve aralarındaki uzaklıkların asenkron makima büyüklüklerine etkilerinin klasik metod ve INDAN programıyla incelenmesi
Analysis of the effects of shape and distance between cages of a rotor of an asynchronus machine by classical method and indan computer program
- Tez No: 66804
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. NURDAN GÜZELBEYOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği, Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Asenkron makineler, Rotor, Induction machinery, Rotor
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Elektrik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY Asynchronus motors are widely used motors in industry because of their being cheap and easy repair. By developments in electronic devices provides easier control. As the number increase, construction takes an important part for the manufacturers. In engineering world, one of the aim is to decrease the loses in machines. In order to be successful; first of all; it has to be found where the loses are much and the reasons of them. In this study first of all seven kinds of short circuited asynchronous motors are modelled. And their results are listed by the classical method.'(l) in this method; the rotor surface kept constant but the shapes are changed. Then the distance between the rotor cages are changed. In order to see the effects of the changes in shape and the distance between the cages. In the next section; the same shapes are examined by the help of INDAN - Induction Motor Analysis - computer program and then their results are compared. INDAN Induction Motor Analysis program, as indicated above, is a program to be used induction motor analysis. All the file names that are suitable for DOS can be given but it is recommended to use filenames that are shown as follows. For example; 500-6.001 Here 500 is; the motor power in kW, 6 is the pole number and 001 is the numer of the project. New datas are entered by changing the previous datas. For this; it is necessary to copy the old file to another one. For example Zi is called old file. If INPUT DEMO.INP Zi is entered; datas can be seen in demo and asked what the new data is. If INPUT <File Name> is entered datas in that file can be seen but these datas can not be changed. If RUN <File Name> is entered; stator and rotor slot can be seen in the screen. Instead of using RUN command; if PLOTPRN command is used then these can be plotted. COPYPRN <File Name> command plots all the p,outputs but doesn't give an information about them. vuThe questions that are asked to be ansvvered to get the motor pararmeters are also given in this study. The points that are important are as follows. Ali the powers are in kW; and lengths are in mm. if the ventilation is axial, the number of cooling channels and the width of them are entered 0. Data are only valid for radial ventilation. The conductors length and the added-resistance pu data may not be entered because progam can calculate these automatically. 120 ° C is recommended to enter as reference stator temperature and 180° C for the rotor. Stator winding code can be entered 1,2 ör 3 according to the model, l is used for two layer \vinding hı öne slot, 2 is used for two layer winding at the top of the slot and 3 is used for two layer winding at the bottom of the winding. The depth of the rotor slot is entered in mm., as it is in stator slot, from bottom to the top of the slot and if the slot circular then the taper depth is entered 0. Rotor winding code can be entered as 1,2,3,4 according to the type of the rotor slot. in both methods classical and INDAN program, it is seen that the various types of rotor slots have different efifects on motor parameters. Although there is not so much differences among them; it is very important to select the suitable type. Generally it is recommended to use double cage rotor slots, circular at the top, rectangular at bottom. But in order to get a high torque; it is necessary to use double cage not only öne cage. in calculation period, it is seen that when the rotor resistance is decreased, is Xm increases. On the other hand.When the resistance decreases, the loses in rotor decreases which results in an increase in efficiency. it is a good point, that when the length in the cages in rotor slots in increased, pull-up current decreases. The other point is that the magnetising currents are very important. Although the results gives the same meanings; it can be seen that the results are different for the same type of slots. Which from using magnetising curves. This not only effects IR and changes Xm but also changes the rotor current. When the rotor current changes, the loses and the efficiency also changes. IR effects E and this results in change in rotor current and also in slip. viiiAlthough classical method is along way and takes a very long time; lots of datas can be get. But in order to get the results in a very short time and if there is no need for the detailed datas. To use INDAN can be recommended. Another detailed of INDAN is that parameters at different load points can be get. In classical method stator winding is choosen as two layer winding because it is much easier to pitch and in the result the harmonics that are harmful can be eliminated. This is one of the advantages of a two layer winding. The other advantage is that; in that kind of winding radial height of top of the winding is less than the other kind. As a result of this; the losses are less than one layer winding. If the air gap induction curve is in Sin form, <p, magnetic flags can be calculated easily. By using this, also the value of induction curve B8 and the number of winding can be found. After that, if the winding number is not suitable by following same way the suitable one can be obtain. The losses when the motor is not loaded incluse the iron losses and the friction losses. On the oilier hand the losses when the motor is loaded consist of the copper losses. The iron losses very important as it can be seen in calculations in classical method. That is because in stator network frequency and in rotor slip frequnecy takes an important part. How to obtain the values of these are shown in the next chapter. Friction losses mostly depend on the manufacturing and the ventilation of the motor. If the speed of the motor is low and the pole number is too many. These losses are generally 0.2 % or 0.3 % of the active power. This rate is 1.5 % for high speed and the motors that do not have so many poles. The copper losses is about 1 % of the active power and changes with the square of the current. In construction of an asynchronus machine it is very important to choose the width of air gap for safety. If the width is choosen small the air gap induction increases. On the other hand if it is large enough iron losses decreases but has bad effects on magnetising current and power factor. It doesn't effect efficiency. Altough air gap induction B6 generally takes values between 0.7 and 0.9 Tesla; it is choosen 1. Tesla at the beginning as it is done in INDAN. As it is mention above in this study seven kinds of rotors slots are examined according to their parameters and performances. The types of rotor slots are shown as follows. IXTO- MODEL 1 MODEL 2 MODEL 3 °i. w r MODEL h tâ. i i- re T - > MODEL 5 J. MODEL 6 MODEL 7 As a conclusion, the following results can be given; when the width of air gap increases the iron loses dereases in both methods and also in INDAN the rotor resistances decrease. This is so small that in classical method; it can't be observed easily. As the depth of rotor slot increases the value of rotor reactance decreases; Xm increases and IM decreases. These values can be obtained more accurrately in the models which has to cages that has round top bar. When the distance between the cages increase; in both methods, it can be seen that torque deceases but load current increases. It doesn't effect efficiency; but small decreases may be seen.When all the models are compared choosing the models which has a round top cages is an advantage but the best way is to make a selection according to the aim. XI
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