William James'in ahlak anlayışı
The ethics of William James
- Tez No: 64090
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. MURTAZA KORLAELÇİ
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Felsefe, Philosophy
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Ahlak, James, William, Pragmatizm, Morality, James, William, Pragmatism
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Erciyes Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
169 ABSTRACT Throughout this dissertation we have examined the ethics of William James. First of all we tried to expose the outline of his system in Chapter I. We have found that in the development of his views, James never forsakes two fundemental commintments which is function to unify his system and render it coherent. The first of these is his commintment to principle of experience-namely, the view that all philosophical issues are properly understood only by reference to their experiental implications and effects. Secondly, James is commited to a conception of human nature which views individuals as motivated towards the fulfilment of a wide range of purposes and interests. His pragmatism, a method for determining the meaning of claims by tracing their practical concequences. Pragmatism naturally leads to a metaphysical pluralism which is rejection of monism, and to a specific theory of truth. In Chapter II we researced the ethical implications of his metaphysical, epistemological and religious views. His radical empricism considered to be a metaphysical doctirine, respects all the facts of man's moral and intellectuel life. For pluralistic universe satiesfies man's moral demands, James rejects monism's block- universe conception. In such pluralistic universe, freedom, chance, tycism are the foundations of moral life. Religion influences man to achieve his highest moral possibilities in James's ethical theory. To him ethics is francly based on our will to believe those concepts which answers our cravings for a moral order and direct us fruitfully in our dealings with our experience. James's pragmatic epistemology definetly does provide a basis for ethical concepts. According to James, truth is a kind of good. James's pragmatic method involves an ethical perspective. Turnning to James's ethical theory, the view that“the essences of good is the satisfaction of demand”we note once again his use of the principle of experience. James holds that moral principles cannot exist a priori or lie beyond experience in any way whatever. His ethical naturalism is based on his conception of human beings as positors of ends, and the plausible repository of ethical values, he finds, is thus in the fulfillment of those ends-in the form of interest, desires, goals, and ideas. To him moral values are subjectively generated by the individual. Thus moral value is embodied in the human situation and accesible to being known. His ethics insists that all ethical propositions must be submitted to pratical test: no ethical ideal is to be accepted unless it makes a useful contribution to man's mundane struggles in this life. Besides he claims that ethics denies that any one individual or group of men may rightfully have the final word on ethical questions. For James the moral life is asistance towards to existence that stresses openness,170 critical reflection about facts and consequences in the light of fundemental values of freedom and unity. This moral orientation is a style of American life. In Chapter HI for evaluating his ethics, we pointed out the various classification of ethics thoeries. We saw that his ethics thoery cohorences with his pragmatic system. However, in view of theism, we found difficulties with determining his moral values, the concept of good, why demand is good, the matter of foundation of freedom and the usefulness of truth's thoerical and especially moral ideals.
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