Farklı tohumların ekiminde kullanılan düşey plakalı hava emişli hassas ekici düzenin uygun çalışma koşullarının saptanması
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- Tez No: 58105
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. AZİZ ÖZMERZİ
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Ziraat, Agriculture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekim makineleri, Tarım makineleri, Seeders, Agricultural machinery
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Çukurova Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Tarım Makineleri Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
126 SUMMARY The aim of this research was to determine accuracy of a pneumatic precision seeder with seed plate for seeding cotton, corn and soybean. The research was conducted in two stages; determination of the seed holding ratio and accuracy of the longitudinal seed distribution over row. The seeding set used throughout the research included pneumatic metering unit with vertical seed plate, tractor, fen, seed control unit, AC electric motor, manometer, greased endless belt and electronic seed counter. The effect of the working factors and their interactions on seed holding ratio and accuracy of seed distribution were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan tests. At the first stage of the experiments, the data indicated by the electronic counter which was placed against the holes of the seed plate in the metering unit were recorded. The counter was designed to count the holes without seed on the plate. The space between seeds was not directly measured. By using the data collected, the seed holding ratio (SHR) was calculated as follows; SHR = [1 - (empty hole number/ total hole number)] 1 00 At this stage, the effect of four hole shape of seed plate (ie, square, oblong, triangle and round), four peripheral velocity of seed plate, selected according to space between seeds for each seed (ie, corn: 0,16; 0,24; 0,32 and 0,40 m/s; cotton: 0,21; 0,31; 0,42 and 0,52 m/s; soybean; 0,38; 0,57; 0,76 and 0,95 m/s), four negative working pressure (ie, 10, 20, 30 and 40 hPa), three hole areas of the seed plate, (ie, 9,62; 15.90 and 23,76 mm2/hole) and thousand grain weight both for corn. This stage with a total of 704 combinations amounted to 3520 tests. The effect of the combinations on the seed holding ratio was determined, separately for cotton, corn and soybean. At the end of this stage, most suitable hole shapes of the seed plate were determined as oblong for cotton and corn, and round for soybean based on the seed holding ratio. Negative working pressure of 30 and 40 hPa were the best. In terms of peripheral velocity of seed plate, highest seed holding ratios were obtained at the seed plate velocity of 0,16; 0,24 and 0,32 m/s for corn, 0,21; 0,31 and 0,42 m/s for cotton and127 0,38; 0,57 and 0,76m/s for soybean based on the pressure selected. Most suitable hole area of seed plate was 23,76 mm2 per hole for three kinds of the corn(Ml, M2 and M3). At the second stage, effect of suitable working factors on accuracy of the longitudinal seed distribution were investigated. The working factors consist of differrent peripheral velocities of the seed plate, two negative pressures, four hole shapes of seed plate end three kinds of seed (ie, cotton, corn and soybean). This stage with 120 combinations resulted in 360 tests. In mis part of the study, spaces between seeds falling on the greased endless belt was measured. Double rate (DR), missing rate (MR), acceptable space between seeds rate (ASS) and cofficient of variation (CV) which ascertain accuracy of the longitudinal seed distribution over row were calculated by evaluating the spacings measured and the factors for each seed. At the end of this stage, CV of all the experiments were in acceptable limits (<30%). In all of seeds, DR was not statistically effected (at 1 percent significance level) by hole shape of the seed plate, the negative prassure and by peripheral velocity of the seed plate. DR was only affected by hole shape of seed plate in cotton and thousand grain weight in corn. However, DR and ASS were effected statistically (at 1 percent level) by hole shape of seed plate, negative pressure and peripheral velocity of seed plate in all seeds. But, only in corn and cotton, there was not any statistically significant influence of seed plate's hole shape on ASS. Similarly, MR was not affected statistically by tousand grain weight of corn. The overall results of the study showed that, if the negative working pressure was increased whilst the seed holding ratio and ASS increased, MR decreased. The peripheral velocity of seed plate affected reversely the seed holding ratio and ASS but proportionally the MR Therefore, accuracy of the pneumatic precision seeder decreased. The hole shape of seed plate the most important factor in this research, affected statistically significantly (at 1 percent level) the seed holding ratio and the accuracy of longitudinal seed distribution over row. The round hole for round seeds (soybean, Ml and M3 corns) and oblong hole for flat seeds (cotton and M2 corn) were determined as the most suitable plate hole shapes.
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