Çevre radyoaktivitesi ile bölgesel hava kirliliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 55607
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. ALİ NEZİHİ BİLGE
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Hava kirliliği, Radyoaktivite, Çevre kirliliği, Air pollution, Radioactivity, Environmental pollution
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
INVESTIGATION OF CORRELATION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY AND LOCAL AIR POLLUTION SUMMARY in the 20tl:1 century, increasing use of the fossil fuels, polluted the air and this phenomena became a serious global problem threatening public health and the environment. Air pollution has many different components. Öne of them is radioactive contamination of the atmosphere. contamination of air by radioactive matter can take place from natural sources, nuclear explosions (fall-out) and accidental discharges. Among these sources of radioactive atmospheric contamination, most important öne is the natural radioactivity. Natural radiation arises both from sources external to the body and from natural radioactive materials in the human body itself. The external sources are cosmic rays and radiation from the ground and normal building materials, whilst the internal sources are potassium and. radium. Soils and rocks contain thorium, actinium and uranium and in the natural disintegration series of these natural gases radon, thoron and actinon those are the daughter products formed due to natural decay. ixRadiation in air may be present as gases ör aerosols ör dusts which emit such ionizing radiation as alpha ör beta particles, gamma rays and other high energy guanta. The possible effects of these factors to public can be briefly summarized as follows; i)chemical nature of the material ii)physical nature iii)amount reaching in the body iv)part of the body having contact v)radioactive half life vi)type of radiation emitted vii)level of energy of radioactivity viii)movement and metabolism within the body xi)excretion rate The interaction of ionizing radiation with the human body arising either from external sources outside the body ör from internal contamination of the body by radioactive substances leads to biological effects which may late show up as clinical symptoms. The assessment of internal döşe eguivalents from the inhalation of radioactive aerosols is a complex problem. This assessments reguires physical and chemical information on aerosols such as their radionuclide constituents, air concentrations, activity size distributions and retention half times in the deep respiratory tract. Radiation injuries can be divided into two classes; somatic effects in which the damage appears in the irradiated person himself and genetic effects which arise only in the spring of the irradiated person as a xresult of radiation damage to germ cells, on the reproductive organs the gonads. A number investigators have reported the formation of ultrafine particles produced by interaction of ionizing radiation with the atmospheric trace gases. Because of this reason the radioactive air pollution and chemical air pollution must be considered together. There are three methods to measure radioactive pollutant of air. Öne of them is to use to monitör the organism, the other öne is to sample dry and wet deposition and count them and the last öne to analyze the filters of air samplers installed. in this work, atmospheric background radioactivity level was investigated in the center of Eskişehir city and total alpha and beta concentrations were compared with sulphur dioxide and particular matter concentrations. Also correlation between chemical and radioactive air pollution were examined. The filtration of air method was used and the filter were analysed and the concentration values were calculated. Ali of the filter papers have been obtained f rom Eskişehir Governmental Public Health Department. That department is using British volumetric air samplers. That air sampler is vrarking 24 hours and each 24 hours filter is changing automatically. Ali of the sulphur dioxide and partide matter concentration values have been obtained from the Public Health Department together with the filter papers. The filter papers are Whatman No:l cellulose filter papers. Their loading capacity is n and partide retention 11 pm. Radioactivity measurement of the filter papers were carried out at the Radiobiology Department of the Çekmece Nuclear Research Center. xiEach filter paper was counted three times and counting time was 30 minutes. The Canberra Model 2400 low background alpha/beta counting system was used to count alpha and beta radiation of filter papers. The Canberra Model 2400 Alpha/Beta/Gamma systems are counting systems designed specifically to measure very low activity levels of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation in environmental samples. The heart of the Alpha/Beta system is the dual gas proportional detector assembly which is used to capture radioactive emissions from the sample. This consist of a large area 12.7cm x 16.2cm guard detector and 5.7cm diameter (window area) thin window sample detector. The sample detector captures the electronic pulses. The guard detector is used to detect extraneous radiation (background) which typically comes from cosmic radiation, lead X-rays, or gamma radiation from the sample. The guard detector is used in an anticoincidence mode with the sample detector to eliminate counting unwanted radiation. The result is an extremely low background counting system. The guard detector is sealed detector and the sample detector is available as either a sealed or gas flow detector. The detectors are enclosed in a low-background shield which provides ten centimeters of virgin lead in a 4 pi geometry to reduce the background radiation which detectors will see. Copper is used between the lead and the detector to reduce the number of X-rays which the detectors will count. The shield assembly also creates the fixed geometry needed to accurately measure the samples. At the end of counting total alpha and beta concentrations were calculated. All of the radioactivity concentrations were given as Becquerel (Bq) per cubic meter. The observed and calculated maximum alpha concentration value is 0.02 Bq/m3 and beta concentration value 0.04 Bq/m3. XllBecause of air radioactivity in Eskişehir public is exposed to radiation and they receive a few amount of radiation doses. First of all this should be considered and the measurements of the air radioactivity must be carried out continuously. This method is also supported with other methods. During that all the other methods should be considered at the same time. Xlll
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