Lexical transfer from Arabic into Turkish
Arapça'dan Türkçe'ye sözcük geçişi
- Tez No: 52774
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. AYSU ERDEN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Dilbilim, Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, Linguistics, Eastern Linguistics and Literature
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Arapça, Karşılaştırmalı dil bilim, Türkçe, Arabic, Comparative linquistics, Turkish
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Hacettepe Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İngiliz Dilbilimi Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
IV ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze the loanwords from Arabic. Arabic is very important in Turkish and in Turkish culture because of our religious and historical background. In present-day Turkish a number of words of Arabic origin are being used; therefore, we have chosen such a topic. By giving and analyzing the examples we try to present the problem and to lead the way to further studies on the purification of Turkish. The borrowing process, of course, is inevitable for a language. However, it is not aimed directly in this thesis for such a process causes a lot of linguistic problems in the languages involved in. Chapter I sets the major goals and the limitations of the study. The basic assumptions of the study and the objectives to attain in this study have been formulated in this section. It is seen that wherever there is cultural contact we come accross borrowings because of the need for a new name for a new object and for new concepts. Heavy lexical borrowing, especially from Arabic, forces Turkish to move from being a phonetic language and being solely an agglutinative language agglutinative-inflectional one. Chaotic use of some vowels, due to the pressure of Arabic loanwords, is another problem facing Turkish now. Owing to the semantic pressure of Arabic loanwords, modern Turkish is full of near-synonyms which causes chaotic use in practice. In this chapter it is hypothesized that borrowed words from Arabic into Turkish have produced phonological, morphological, and semantic disturbances in Turkish has been claimed. Chapter II gives a brief review of the studies being done in this field. In the 1860s Max Miiller started a study to compare and contrast English and German. In the course of time a number of studies were done especially concerning with European languages. In Turkey most of the studies in this field are on Turkish linguistic elements in other languages. Unfortunately the linguistic studies on the borrowed Arabic words inTurkish are rather few. Chapter III not only gives a brief historical background of the two languages but also discusses their relations with other languages within their language family. The pressure of Arabic on Turkish is especially seen after the period that the Turks adopted Islam. The heavy pressure of Arabic origin words in Turkish has always been criticized by linguists. In addition, the following aspects are studied in this section: the position and relations of Arabic with other languages in its family, varieties and designation of Arabic, influence of Arabic on other languages are studied in this section. Chapter IV the gist of the study and it is mainly in three parts. Phonological, morphological, and semantic analysis of loanwords are studied in three distinct sections. Arabic vowels which are used in modern Turkish now have been influenced by the Turkish vowel system. As words of Arabic origin are not pronounced by their original three vowels in Arabic but by 8 vowels of Turkish, there occur some confusions. The differences between the consonantal phonemic system are greater than those in the vowels. Arabic loanwords introduced prefixes into Turkish. Since Arabic is an amalgamated language, it lacks affixes; nevertheless, there is a limited number of bound morphemes which are used as suffixes. Some of them have been used in Turkish to make up new words which may be found also in the Arabic language. In the conclusion part, the results of the study have been evaluated. In the light of these results it can be claimed that, although the two different languages have two different language structures, there has been a close relationship between Turkish and Arabic. This relationship is due mostly to historical and cultural backgrounds owing to the common religion. This fact of transfer made mostly from Arabic into Turkish has been observed especially in nouns, adjectives and verbs. At the end of the conclusion part it is especially emphasized that introduction of loanwords could impair its system in various ways.
Özet (Çeviri)
IV ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze the loanwords from Arabic. Arabic is very important in Turkish and in Turkish culture because of our religious and historical background. In present-day Turkish a number of words of Arabic origin are being used; therefore, we have chosen such a topic. By giving and analyzing the examples we try to present the problem and to lead the way to further studies on the purification of Turkish. The borrowing process, of course, is inevitable for a language. However, it is not aimed directly in this thesis for such a process causes a lot of linguistic problems in the languages involved in. Chapter I sets the major goals and the limitations of the study. The basic assumptions of the study and the objectives to attain in this study have been formulated in this section. It is seen that wherever there is cultural contact we come accross borrowings because of the need for a new name for a new object and for new concepts. Heavy lexical borrowing, especially from Arabic, forces Turkish to move from being a phonetic language and being solely an agglutinative language agglutinative-inflectional one. Chaotic use of some vowels, due to the pressure of Arabic loanwords, is another problem facing Turkish now. Owing to the semantic pressure of Arabic loanwords, modern Turkish is full of near-synonyms which causes chaotic use in practice. In this chapter it is hypothesized that borrowed words from Arabic into Turkish have produced phonological, morphological, and semantic disturbances in Turkish has been claimed. Chapter II gives a brief review of the studies being done in this field. In the 1860s Max Miiller started a study to compare and contrast English and German. In the course of time a number of studies were done especially concerning with European languages. In Turkey most of the studies in this field are on Turkish linguistic elements in other languages. Unfortunately the linguistic studies on the borrowed Arabic words inTurkish are rather few. Chapter III not only gives a brief historical background of the two languages but also discusses their relations with other languages within their language family. The pressure of Arabic on Turkish is especially seen after the period that the Turks adopted Islam. The heavy pressure of Arabic origin words in Turkish has always been criticized by linguists. In addition, the following aspects are studied in this section: the position and relations of Arabic with other languages in its family, varieties and designation of Arabic, influence of Arabic on other languages are studied in this section. Chapter IV the gist of the study and it is mainly in three parts. Phonological, morphological, and semantic analysis of loanwords are studied in three distinct sections. Arabic vowels which are used in modern Turkish now have been influenced by the Turkish vowel system. As words of Arabic origin are not pronounced by their original three vowels in Arabic but by 8 vowels of Turkish, there occur some confusions. The differences between the consonantal phonemic system are greater than those in the vowels. Arabic loanwords introduced prefixes into Turkish. Since Arabic is an amalgamated language, it lacks affixes; nevertheless, there is a limited number of bound morphemes which are used as suffixes. Some of them have been used in Turkish to make up new words which may be found also in the Arabic language. In the conclusion part, the results of the study have been evaluated. In the light of these results it can be claimed that, although the two different languages have two different language structures, there has been a close relationship between Turkish and Arabic. This relationship is due mostly to historical and cultural backgrounds owing to the common religion. This fact of transfer made mostly from Arabic into Turkish has been observed especially in nouns, adjectives and verbs. At the end of the conclusion part it is especially emphasized that introduction of loanwords could impair its system in various ways.
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