Şems-ul'ulama Hvacah Altaf Husayn Hali'nin hayatı eserleri ve edebi kişiliği
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- Tez No: 41611
- Danışmanlar: Y.DOÇ.DR. ŞEVKET BULU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, Eastern Linguistics and Literature
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyografi, Urdu edebiyatı, Şams-ul-ulama Hvacah Husayn Hali, Biography, Urdu literature, Şams-ul-ulama Hvacah Husayn Hali
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY In the first half of the 19th century although tradition and conservativism had strong influence in the Indian life, society, thoughts and actions, yet efforts were afoot to get rid of the tradition and the western influences had also started permeating gradually. The old life and society were gradually changing. Struggle between the old and the modern had started, though it was only a begining. India had not come out of the middle ages to enter the modern age, but it had started moving in that direction. As every ruling nation influences all aspects of the ruled people similarly the British rule in India influenced not only the literary, academic, religious, educational, intellectual and political life, but also its socio-cultural life. A prominent feature of the first half of the 19th century literature is maturity of vision and there is a kind of ripeness in the experiments of life. Thus this half century may also be called the end product of our civilization. Therefor its literature reflects civility and beauty, a sense of superiority and a love of grandeur even self indulgence. There are also some voices which reflect national and political consciousness. Hali's poetic life is hinted upon in his early age. And as he himself says that when in 1855 he met Mirza Ghalib for the first time, his poetic career had already started and at the same time he begun writing in prose as well. When in 1886 he wrote“The life of Saadi”the people acknowledged his critical vision and his aptitude for biographical writing. A study of old Urdu prose reveals this interesting fact that one way or the other the asset of Urdu prose in this period is biographical literature. Biographical writings of Hah are a mile stone in the biographical literature of Urdu. This period brought a revolution in the standards and methodology of this art. Hali drew the attention of his country men to modern poetry, he prepared model biographies and established the principles of criticism. He himself wrote a number of books in prose. He has Hayât-e Javid, Hayât-e Saadi, Yâdgâr-e Ghâlib, Mukaddimah-e Sher-o-Shairy. In poetry he has one Devan, an epicon the ebb and tide of Islam (Madd-o-Cazr-e Islam) and several Masnavi. 81Hali was not only a poet of Ghazal, the more important period of his poetry is that when he came up as a national reformer; and a standard bonrar nnd nn nctivo Hupportor of modern movamont. Ilnli'a among those few leading personalities who received education in old system and achieved such remarkable things to which Pakistan's modern education system hasn't been able to provide an equivalent. Hali not only wrote poetry on modern lines, he also preached all his life modern poetic ideas, principles and the need for modern poetry. During his stay Delhi, he was lucky to meet an eminent personality like Sir Syed Ahmed. Sir Syed quickly made him an important member of his movement. It was his behest that Hali wrote his epic“The ebb and tide of Islam”which upto this day, is one of his great achievments. Quoting and subscribing to Macaulay's definition, Hali says“poetry is a sort of imitation.... Poetry is a kind of empire which is made of the words of the poet and its writ is as wide spread as thought itself (Mukaddimah-e Sher-o- Shairy). In the light of his concept of poetry, Hali also developed practical criticism of different species of poetry. His suggestion for the reformation of Ghazal are innovative. It was the first voice against Ghazal. Dr. Syed Abdullah observes, ”According to the collective needs of his time and according to the peculiar tradition of his school. Hali has developed a thought provoking (though incomplete) discussion of the nature and status of poetry. He introduced into poetry the principles of truth and collective utility. By making the natural way of expression Hali authenticated democratic relationship between people and poetry." Consequently the literary movement founded by Sir Syed and his colleagues, came to be known as the school of Sir Syed due to its typical style and views. Hali is the most important pillar of this school of thoughts. Hali's name will always be remembered with great respect in this regard especially his contribution to Urdu autobiography will never be forgotten. 82
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