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Design and implementation of mm-precise ranging for indoor positioning systems

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  1. Tez No: 403335
  2. Yazar: TUBA AYHAN
  3. Danışmanlar: Prof. WIM DEHAENE, Prof. MARIAN VERHELST
  4. Tez Türü: Doktora
  5. Konular: Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği, Electrical and Electronics Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2016
  8. Dil: İngilizce
  9. Üniversite: Katholıeke Unıversıteıt Leuven (catholıc Unıversıty Of Leuven)
  10. Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.

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Özet (Çeviri)

A very precise and fast wireless indoor positioning system becomes necessary for multiple applications such as industrial automation, robot navigation and inventory tracking. The precision of an RF based positioning system can be improved by increasing the bandwidth and the carrier frequency of the signal, as proven by the theoretical studies on estimation precision. However, on the practical side, not only the theoretical concerns but also the hardware design constraints and signal propagation related limitations should be taken into account, which exactly suffer from high bandwidth and carrier frequency. This work enhances the precision of an RF based indoor positioning system, while keeping both theoretical performance and practical limitations into account. To this end, a range estimation scheme, consisting of both an efficient hardware implementation of a novel phase-based range estimation algorithm and a hardware friendly ranging signal, is proposed. The phase-based range estimation algorithm is designed to exploit the advantages of a wideband signal, while keeping the complexity of the necessary receiver components low. Towards an efficiently implementable estimator, the range estimation algorithm is broken into 3 computational steps. The step-wise approach provides benefits for FPGA implementation as well as flexibility on choosing between transmitted signal energy, computational cost and precision of the ranging algorithm. The proposed ranging algorithm also enables sub-Nyquist sampling which helps to reduce the power consumption of the preceding ADC. The discrete carrier ranging signal, the second component of the ranging scheme, is designed to relax the design constraints of the transmitter and comply with the sub-Nyquist sampling. By carefully designing the ranging signal, also the baseband signal generation is simplified allowing efficiently generating a wideband signal. Moreover, the power amplifier efficiency is increased by reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of the signal. Designed to cope with the hardware and environmental imperfections, the ranging scheme is tested together with a custom designed transmitter and receiver. The tests report a mm-level precision performance of the ranging scheme under real-world conditions. Moreover, they prove the validity and benefits of the sub-Nyquist sampling and baseband signal generation concepts. The ranging scheme, the transmitter and the receiver are finally integrated to obtain a complete indoor positioning system. Besides this custom made positioning system, an alternative ranging framework compatible with the communication standard IEEE802.11ad is proposed. The phase-based range estimation algorithm is therefore adapted to process the communication packet, and further enhanced against multipath fading by utilizing the channel estimation field provided by the package. This thesis proposes two ranging systems, highly focusing on the first one, which is optimized for very high precision and used together with custom designed analog and RF components towards a complete positioning system. Developing the core of the first ranging system, a standard-compliant ranging system is also obtained.

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