Phylogenetic relationships, molecular dating and DNA barcoding of spiranthes (Orchidaceae)
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- Tez No: 403091
- Danışmanlar: DR. KENNETH M. CAMERON
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Botanik, Botany
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2011
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Unıversıty Of Wısconsın-Madıson
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
DNA sequences from rbcL, rpoC1, matK and the trnH-psbA plastid regions, as well as the At103 nuclear COS marker, were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among species of Spiranthes (Orchidaceae). These data were also used to determine the practicality of using DNA barcodes for species identification. A combination of three markers together, rbcL+matK+trnH-psbA, was shown to perform best for DNA barcoding within Spiranthes by TaxonDNA and Neighbor Joining methods. Cladistic analyses identified a small clade of taxa including S. romanzoffiana and its allies that is sister to the rest of the genus. Close relationships between such species pairs as S. porrifolia and S. infernalis, S. lacera and S. eatonii, and S. sylvatica and S. praecox were observed. Relationships are less clear within the S. cernua complex, but the hybrid origin of S. diluvialis was confirmed using these data in analyses based on both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony methods. North American species of Spiranthes are not monophyletic since S. romanzoffiana is known from the British Isles, and an entire clade of exclusively Eurasian taxa is embedded within the tree. The divergence time of these Eurasian Spiranthes species was calculated to be within the range of 7-8 mya (late Miocene) by using BEAST analysis. This time interval corresponds to the presence of the well known Bering land bridge that once connected North America to Asia. However, the possibility of dispersal via long distance or via a recent North Atlantic land bridge between North America and Europe cannot be ruled out. On the other hand, the presence of S. sinensis on several Indian and Pacific Ocean islands lends evidence to the hypothesis that seeds of these orchids have the ability to disperse widely. For these reasons dispersal of Spiranthes into the Old World at least two times seems more likely to have occurred not through migrations across land bridges, but by long distance dispersal.
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