Forced migration and the politics of internal displacement in the making of modern Turkey: The case of Dersim, 1937-1947
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- Tez No: 400497
- Danışmanlar: DR. KAREN BARKEY
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Sosyoloji, Sociology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2008
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Columbıa Unıversıty
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
.
Özet (Çeviri)
This dissertation analyzes the historical dynamics of the process of demographic engineering that took place in the early years of the Turkish Republic. By focusing on the case of the forced displacement and resettlement of the Alevi Kurds of Dersim between 1937 and 1947, this dissertation looks at the relation between state-formation, nation building, and population movements in early Republican Turkey. Drawing from archival and ethnographic evidence gathered on the case of the internal forced migration and resettlement of the Dersimli Alevi Kurds between 1937 and 1947 in Turkey, this study engages with two general theoretical and historical questions: when and why do modern states commonly resort to forced population movements; and how do those who are subjected to forced displacement respond to and deal with their displacement and replacement? The dissertation contends that explanations of forced population movements based on regime type, ideology, and/or objective threat cannot adequately account for the case of the forced migration of the Dersimli Kurds. Rather, it argues that the forced displacement of the Dersimli Kurds is better explained by three related relational factors: the nature and dynamic of the relationship between state authorities (both central and local) and local elites; the amount of infrastructural power the state had over the territory in question; and the policy options already available to state authorities, i.e., the prevalent repertoire of state action. All of these factors are path dependent: earlier relations, practices, policies limit the possibilities and opportunities both for state and non-state actors. From a bottom-up perspective this study also contends that, despite the asymmetrical nature of their power and position, by adopting various survival strategies Dersimli forced migrants constantly refused to be passive victims of history. It shows that the choice of a particular strategy was a function of the nature of the unfolding relationship a) between the forced migrants and the local authorities, and b) between the forced migrants, local populations, and other immigrant communities. The dissertation finally concludes by arguing that simply blaming a few sinister state elite (or some other macro actors) and/or victimizing the displaced is insufficient for explaining the breadth and severity of the process of demographic engineering in post-imperial Turkey. The case of the forced resettlement of the Dersimli Kurds in Turkey suggests a complex interaction between elite political rhetoric and policy on the ground, pointing to the importance of relational dynamics behind forced population movements.
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