Planlamada coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin kullanımı
The Use of geographic information systems in planning
- Tez No: 39786
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. GÜLDEN ERKUT
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bölgesel planlama, Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, Regional planning, Geographical information systems
- Yıl: 1994
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmada Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi tanımları, kapsamı işleyişi incelenmiştir. Konunun daha iyi açıklanması amacıyla CBS'nin kullanım alanlarına örnekler verilmiştir. CBS ' nin planlamada kullanımı konusunda ise daha ayrıntılı bilgiler verilmiştir. Çeşitli ülkelerden CBS uygulamaları da planlamada CBS kullanımının daha açıklayıcı olabilmesi için verilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmaların uygulaması konusunda da Kadıköy Belediyesi Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi anlatılmış ve bir pilot proje örneği ile saha çalışması yapılmıştır.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY THE USE OF GEÖSRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS İN PLANNİNG The subject. of this thesis is the use of Geographic Informat-ion Systerns in Planning. in these days t-he use of computers ar e ve r y r ar e in planing. The r e ar e a l ot of benefit-s in using GIS at. planning. But in our country it is not using f ör planning. The reason f ör this is the high costs of software and hardware in very few days and thhe lack of knowledge f ör using cornputers in the planning sector.în these days the costs för hardware and software are reduced and SİS can work on these platforma. But the sector is stili not farniliar wıth SİS. The people does not have enough knowledge about SİS and this restricts the use of SİS f ör planning and getting the bene f i ts of SİS. The purpose of this thesis is to give soma explanations on GIS and on the bas i c concepts that it includes, to give sorne exarnples of uses of GIS in planning and sorne cases where SİS is used, therefore to rnake contribution to the eKpanded use of GIS in planning. in the first chapter, an introduction of the thesis is given. The answers f ör the question“Why GIS in planning?”is given. Then the contents of the thesis is rnentioned. in the second chapter, sorne definitions of GIS and definitions of sorne basic concepts in GIS are taking place. in the third chapter, the uses of GIS in planning are rnentioned. The criteria that has to be handled in designing of the GIS för planning process are explained. Sorne examples to the uses of GIS frorn several countries are given. Fifth chapter includes a case study. A pilot project rnade f ör Kadıköy Municipality is chosen as a case study. Graphic and non-graphic data and inforrnation needs? database design for the project and sorne exarnples of appl ications are rnentioned. Final ly a conclusion is taking place. The r e are rnany definitions of «31 S. in a r e f er ence (ESRIfi993) it is deser ibed as s An organized collection of cornputer hardware, software, geographic data and personal designed to efficiently capt-ure, stere, update, rnanipulate, analyse, and display ali forrns of geographical l y referenced inforrnation. Altough various definitions of GIS exist, the basis of SİS are cornrnon for ali deşeription. ftata and inforrnation is the basis. The types of data in GIS is also cornrnon forali references. Two types of data are rnentioned. First- is spatial, that rneans geographically referenced and the second is the deşer i pt-i ve, that rneans which g i ve deşer iption of that spatial data. Spatial data can be handled in two structure. Öne of this structure is vectoral and the other is raster. Another irnportant /concept of öIS is“database”. There are three types of database. First is hierarchical database, network databse is the second öne and finally relational database is the third type. Relational database is the rnost easy-to-use and rnost comrnon type. GIS can be distinguished by listing the types of questions it can answer. For any application there are five generic questions that a SİS can answer. Locations The first of these questions seeks to find out what exists at a partiçular location A location can be described in rnany ways using, f ör e;<arnple, a place narne, a post ör zip code ör a geographic reference. Condition s The second question is the converse of the first and requires spatial analysis to atıswer. Trends s The third question rnight involved both of the first two and seeks to find differences within an area över tirne. Patterns s This question is rnore sophisticated. You rnight aşk this question t o deterrnine whether cancer is a rnajor cause of deaths arnong residents near a nuclear power stat i on. You rnight want to know how rnany anomali es there are that don't fit the pattern and where they are located. Model ing s This question is posed to deterrnine what happens, f ör exarnple, i f anew road added to a network, ör i f toxic substance seeps into the local groundwater SUPPly. Frorn that point 618 rnust be designed in the contaxt of the planning process they support. Like the scientific rnethod, a planning process can be concieved of as a procedural standard which allows planners ör researcher to present thei r solutions ör conclusions as logically consistent and valid. Such a planning process places rnajor dernands on the inforrnation systerns required to support it. As a consequences, SİS must rneet sever a l design er i ter i a i f they are to provide a cornprehensive and consistent base för planning. The inforrnation systern designed to support a continuous planning process should rneet several design criteria ı *F'eriodicity *Tirneliness *IntegrabilityThirdly, the steps of establishing a GIS in raunicipality are described. First step was finished with the auction, that means to buy necessary hardware and software. Second step was the education of employee on using that hardware and software in order to success on municipal services via GIS. Third step was the design of database and maintaining of necessary inforraation which will take place in database. Last step was designing and programming of municipal application using GIS. The first two step was terminated with success. But the most important steps were the last second steps. in the third step, that means the design of database, the needs of different data types which will be used in that project were defined. in this thesis, those types of data are given. Both graphical and non-graphical data types are examined durîng the process of desing of database. Ali necessary information are listed. Then, the process of maintenance of information started. Since, it is a pilot project, information about the district Osınanaga were maintained. As a forth step, some applications of Municipality using GIS are described. Some legally defined services were analysed, then a design of those applications were made. Some examples of those applications are given in this thesis. Some colorful pictures are showing the results of those applications. Finally, GIS offer many opportunities for planning. However, some disadvantages may occur because of the easiness of reaching to data. These kind of disadvantages are disappeared by securing the access to the data. ît is clear that GIS should be used in planning.ali references. Two types of data are rnentioned. First- is spatial, that rneans geographically referenced and the second is the deşer i pt-i ve, that rneans which g i ve deşer iption of that spatial data. Spatial data can be handled in two structure. Öne of this structure is vectoral and the other is raster. Another irnportant /concept of öIS is“database”. There are three types of database. First is hierarchical database, network databse is the second öne and finally relational database is the third type. Relational database is the rnost easy-to-use and rnost comrnon type. GIS can be distinguished by listing the types of questions it can answer. For any application there are five generic questions that a SİS can answer. Locations The first of these questions seeks to find out what exists at a partiçular location A location can be described in rnany ways using, f ör e;<arnple, a place narne, a post ör zip code ör a geographic reference. Condition s The second question is the converse of the first and requires spatial analysis to atıswer. Trends s The third question rnight involved both of the first two and seeks to find differences within an area över tirne. Patterns s This question is rnore sophisticated. You rnight aşk this question t o deterrnine whether cancer is a rnajor cause of deaths arnong residents near a nuclear power stat i on. You rnight want to know how rnany anomali es there are that don't fit the pattern and where they are located. Model ing s This question is posed to deterrnine what happens, f ör exarnple, i f anew road added to a network, ör i f toxic substance seeps into the local groundwater SUPPly. Frorn that point 618 rnust be designed in the contaxt of the planning process they support. Like the scientific rnethod, a planning process can be concieved of as a procedural standard which allows planners ör researcher to present thei r solutions ör conclusions as logically consistent and valid. Such a planning process places rnajor dernands on the inforrnation systerns required to support it. As a consequences, SİS must rneet sever a l design er i ter i a i f they are to provide a cornprehensive and consistent base för planning. The inforrnation systern designed to support a continuous planning process should rneet several design criteria ı *F'eriodicity *Tirneliness *IntegrabilityThirdly, the steps of establishing a GIS in raunicipality are described. First step was finished with the auction, that means to buy necessary hardware and software. Second step was the education of employee on using that hardware and software in order to success on municipal services via GIS. Third step was the design of database and maintaining of necessary inforraation which will take place in database. Last step was designing and programming of municipal application using GIS. The first two step was terminated with success. But the most important steps were the last second steps. in the third step, that means the design of database, the needs of different data types which will be used in that project were defined. in this thesis, those types of data are given. Both graphical and non-graphical data types are examined durîng the process of desing of database. Ali necessary information are listed. Then, the process of maintenance of information started. Since, it is a pilot project, information about the district Osınanaga were maintained. As a forth step, some applications of Municipality using GIS are described. Some legally defined services were analysed, then a design of those applications were made. Some examples of those applications are given in this thesis. Some colorful pictures are showing the results of those applications. Finally, GIS offer many opportunities for planning. However, some disadvantages may occur because of the easiness of reaching to data. These kind of disadvantages are disappeared by securing the access to the data. ît is clear that GIS should be used in planning.
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