Türkiye'de su kaynakları yönetiminde yeni bir yönetim yapısı
The New administrative structure on water resources management in Turkey
- Tez No: 39705
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. İ. ETHEM GÖNENÇ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Su kaynakları, Yasal düzenlemeler, İdari yapı, Water resources, Legal regulations, Administrative structure
- Yıl: 1994
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmada, içmesuyu kaynaklarının yönetimi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla öncelikle Türkiye' de uygulanmakta olan ilgili kanunlar ve yetkili kurumlar ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra çeşitli ülkelerin yasal ve idari yapılarına yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca bu ülkelerin su kaynaklarım koruma stratejileri ortaya konmuştur. Bu temel bilgilerin yardımıyla içmesuyu kaynaklarının yönetiminde Türkiye' de uygulanmakta olan kanunlar ve yönetimlerin yetersiz kaldığı ve yeni bir yönetim anlayışı ile yeni bir yapılanma yoluna gidilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Diğer ülkelerin uygulamalarından yola çıkılarak Türkiye için yeni bir idari yapı tanımlanmıştır. Buna göre, Çevre Bakanlığı' na bağlı,mali ve idari özerkliğe sahip“ Havza Yönetimi Genel Kurulu ”ve“ Havza Yönetim Kurumu ”adı altında yeni bir idari yapının oluşturulması önerilmektedir. Bu idari yapının esasım havza bazında yönetim anlayışı oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye ' de içme ve kullanma suyu temininde önem taşıyan su kaynaklan gözönüne alınarak ülke genelinde her bir havzada aynı yönetim yapısının oluşturulması önerilmektedir. Havza yönetiminde havzayı kullanan tüm tarafların kararlara katılımı ve temsili esas alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak planlanan idari yapının hukuksal ve kurumsal olarak incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. vn
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY THE NEW ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY Water resources management have become very important in recent years. In this study, the administrative and legal management of the water resources in Turkey and in some European countries are reviewed. The new water management approach for Turkey are suggested. In this framework, at first, Turkey1 s existing legal and administrative structure are observed. Measures to prevent water pollution have been incorporated in numerous laws, regulations and directives. In relation to the water management, authorised bodies and national laws, regulations and directives are examined in Chapter 2. The relationship between authorised bodies and national laws, regulations and directives are given below : - The Ministry of Agriculture and Village Work - Village Act - Waterborne Animal Life Act - Agriculture Reform Act in Irrigational Area - Village Drinking Water Act - The Ministry of Interior Works - Village Act - Water Act - The Ministry of Justice - Village Act - Harbours Act - The Ministry of Health - Water Act - Sanitation Act - The Ministry of Forest - Forest Act - The Ministry of Environment - Environment Act - Water Pollution Control Regulation vui- The Ministry of Public Works - Settlement Act - Ground Water Act - Illegal Settlement Act - Bosphorus Act - Coast Act - The Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy - Mine Act The latest law on the protection of the environment is Environment Act which is passsed in 1983. In accordance with this act, Water Pollution Control Regulation is drawn up in 1988. Water Pollution Control Regulation was designed to gather the diverse aspects of water pollution in a multi purpose form. However there is an ambiguity in the application of this regulations. Mentioned above bodies have been authorised to legislate on the environment and these bodies have prevented the implementation of a centralised bodies. Each bodies have concerned themselves only with those aspects relating to the enforcement of their own regulations. There is an interference between these bodies on the implementation of the mentioned above regulations and directives. This has lead Turkey to create a new water management approach to prevent water resources from pollution. In this framework, so called“ General Council of Basin Management ”and“ Basin Management Administration ”which are under Ministry of Environment are suggested to protect the water resources. These bodies' responsibilities are defined in Chapter 4. The new water management authority for Turkey is shown shematicaly in figure 1: IX= il c c c a q o a a c o '?§.a 8P o c s ti 9 c 1 u, 3 >.c CL, £ § s J Si O o t, i- c o 1 CO -** U C u S '21 js ^ s tx E o. c“*3 r j Q <* 3.9- 3 ”§ C Ç c,~,-; -j-General Council of Basin Management consists of the members of the water consumers who lives in the basin and the institutions which have to carry out water services. This body have to make management policy on the water resources by defining beneficial uses alternatives, targets and priorities. At the same time short and long term studies which are made by Basin Management Administration, and budget which is to execute these plans are examined and approved by General Council of Basin Management. General Council of Basin Management proposes to Government by means of The Ministry of Environment to invest the related ministries for approved plans. Financial sources which are to be distributed to related institutions are defined by the same authority. General Council of Basin Management constitutes the entrusting which is made by the Basin Management Administration. The same authority chooses its chairman and 8 members who will attend to Basin Management Administration. Basin Management Administration is defined as an autonomus body. It is charged to make short, medium and long term plans to prevent and to make use of water resources. After these plans are approved by the General Council of Basin Management, this body should carry out these plans. All the polluting sources, wastewater treatment facilities and drinking water facilities are controlled by Basin Management Administration. This body establishes water quality monitoring and measuring system in all the water resources and polluting sources. Basin Management Administration set the water charges and wastewater charges and collect them. For all the investment and operational facilities, Basin Management Administration and Treasury approve and supervise the internetional credit agreement together. The licences which is to make use of surface resources and ground water resources are organized by the same authority. Basin Management Administration should carry out these works : - Investment - Operation - Control and Regulation -Research and Development XI- Sanction - Judgement Investment task is to be carried out by the mentioned below bodies : - General Directorate of Hydraulic Works, - General Directorate of Province Bank, - General Directorate of Village Services, - Municipalities, -Water and Sewerage Administration. These bodies have to use their financial sources under the supervision of Basin Management Administration. Within this structure, all the water and wastewater services are privatised as it has occured in French and England. The task of monitoring, measuring and controlling of the water resources quality are given to the following institutions : - General Directorate of Hydraulic Works, - Directorate of Refik Saydam Health Services, - General Directorate of Health Services, - General Directorate of Borders and Coasts, - General Directorate of Protection and Controlling. In the basin management structure, it is important to create the new water resources, to define existing water resources' beneficial uses alternatives and to protect the water resources from pollution. Universities and private companies are charged to study on research and development plans. The financial sources which is required to carry out the mentioned above activities are distributed from Basin Management Administration budget. Sanction task is given to the Governor. The formation of the Environmental Courts are suggested. xn
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