Çevresel etki değerlendirme bilgi sistemi tasarımı ve gerçekleştirilmesi pilot projesi (ÇEDBİS)
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 39447
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. M. ORHAN ALTAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri, Geodesy and Photogrammetry
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilgi sistemleri, Tasarım, Çevresel etkileşim, Information systems, Design, Environmental interaction
- Yıl: 1993
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ÖZET Günümüzde, çevresel değişimler ve etkilerinin model ler yardımıyla değerlendirilmesi ve analizi çalışmalarında coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinden yararlanılmaktadır. Çevre ile ilgili bilgileri veritabam sistemlerine bağlı olarak top layıp işleyen, analizini yapan; harita ve rapor halinde su nan çevre bilgi sistemleri oluşturulmaktadır. Su kaynakları planlamalarında, suyun ekonomik gelişme için kısıtlayıcı olmaması amaçlandığından, su kalitesi bu planın vazgeçilmez bir unsurunu oluşturur. Bu çalışmada, çevre bilgi sistemlerinin su kalitesi modelleme çalışmala nnda uygunabilirliğini araştırmak amacıyla; Sakarya Havza sının en önemli alt havzalarından biri olan Porsuk Havza sında belirlenen yararlı kullanımların gerçekleşmesi için su kalitesi yönetim esasları Çevresel Etki Değerlendirme Bilgi Sistemi ve Tasarımı ve Gerçekleştirilmesi Pilot Pro jesi (ÇEDBiS) kapsamı içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla havzanın çevresel Özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, yararlı kul lanımların ve bunlar için gerekli su kalite ölçütlerinin saptanması, atıksuların karakterizasyonu ile havzadaki atık yükü ve potansiyelinin belirlenmesi, halihazır su kalitesi nin yararlı kullanımlara göre değerlendirilmesi aşamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca gelecekteki yararlı kullanım hedeflerinin sağlanabilmesi için yapılacak çalışmalara alt lık oluşturması amacıyla, su kalitesinin yıllara göre deği şimi incelenmiştir. Böylelikle, bir çevre bilgi sistemi ta sarımı ve gerçekleştirilmesinde izlenecek yöntemler belir lenmiş olmaktadır. vı
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY THE DESIGN OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT With the approach of the twenty - first century, a number of countries are researching and examining what the next hundred years will bring and are even creating various scenarios and conducting studies based on them. Through the use of scientific data and the power of the imagination, mankind wants to get a preview of what lies in store in the new century such investigations are being carried out by large teams of researchers with vast resour ces at their disposal among them broad-ranging enviromen- tal studies occupy a prominent place. Factors such as haphazard urbanization, the popula tion explosion and technologies which impact on the physi cal and socio-cultural environment of human beings play an important role in the intensification of environmental problems. Although environmental problems emerged previously in the developed countries, thanks to the prosperity brought about by their economic growth, they have gone an important part of the way towords solution of these problems. The biological carrying capacity of the earth is the potential to absorb waste. When waste is excessive, environ mental pollution is created by coal, petroleum, industrial waste, agricultural pesticides, chemical compounds, heavy metals and synthetic and radioactive wastes. This is defi nitely not just an aesthetic problem but a matter of life or death, which constitutes the gravest possible threat to the biological systems that are the basis of our economic activities to the atmosphere, water, forests, agricultural areas and our human resources. The countries with unplanned urbanization with a population growing as rapidly as today and a country of industrialization at any cost, the pressu re of pollutants such as the dust, gas, smoke, odors and steam in the atmosphere is going to start putting a strain on the carrying capacity of human beings and other living resources, not only in today's settled and industrialized areas but in other areas as well. As long as the industrialization is based on a selfish and static concept, the number and amount of the harmful and destructive substances filling our waters are going to grow and tomorrow the capacity for renewal of all systems is going to be threatened.Pollution of water which is the most well-known form of environmental pollution, is in one sense the destruction of waters and of the organisms living in them. It is obvius that such destruction will eventually upset natural balan ces. It is also clear that human beings bear a heavy respon sibility fcr upsetting the balances of nature, Human beings are gradually destroying water, which is one of the basic requirements of life itself. As a result of rapid urbanization and industrializa tion, the demand for water increases and the need for water quality management becomes nore crucial. Water pollution in Turkey is even more widespread. The wastes of the industries and residental areas around rivers are continuously emptied into their waters, with the result that pollution has reached considerable dimensions. Owing to inadequate sewage systems, a certain amount of sewage contaminates drinking water in many residental areas, creating a problem. Presently, geographic information systems have been carried out on monitoring and modelling possible environ ments in the field of the computer science during the last few decades contributed to the realization of the concept“Geographic Information Systems (GIS)”. The use of geogra phic information systems has grown dramatically in the 1980 s from obscurity to become commonplace in businesses, uni versities and governments where they are now used for many diverse applications. The definition of GIS below is compre hensive and quite widely accepted : An organized collection of computer hardware, soft ware, geographic data and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze and display all forms of geographically referenced information. A GIS is not simply a computer system for making maps, although it can create maps at different scales, in different projections and with different colors. A GIS is an analysis tool. The major advantage of a GIS is that it allows you to identify the spatial relationships between map features. A GIS does not store a map in any conventional sen se: nor does it store a particular image or view of a geog raphic area. Instead, a GIS stores the data from which you can create the desired view, drawn to suit a particular purpose. A GIS links spatial data with geographic informa tion about a particular feature on a map. The information is stored as attributes or characteristics of the graphi cally represented feature. A GIS can also use the stored attributes to compute new information about map features. The database concept is central to a GIS and is the main difference between a GIS and a simple drafting or com puter mapping system which can only produce good graphic Vllloutput. All contemporary GIS's incorporate a database mana gement system. Database systems provide the means of storing a wide range of spatial information and updating it without the need to rewrite programs as new data is entered. Geographic information systems are a valuable tool for many types of environmental analysis. Environmental information systems have been built in supporting manage ment in automated processing of environmental and geogra phical data. Heavy emphasis has been placed on monitoring and modeling possible environmental changes. A GIS based Decision Support System (DSS), made by bringing together geoprocessing software and environmental transmission mo dels. DSS always offers the following (standard) possibi lities : - Data input environmental emission/environmental zones <im- mission data) topographical basis and and functions for spatial use, sensitive to environmental emission - Retrieval and management of data - Techniques for analysis spatial confrontation analysis integration and cumulation analysis other environmental analysis, e.g. the evaluation of scenarios of reorganisation - Presentation and output (drawings and tables) basic tada result of analysis Environmentol data, including environmental emission and immission and londuse forms sensitive to immission, can be entered in this system (DSS) in several ways, Several en vironmental sectors and categories are implemented in the system. The main features this concerns noise, risks, odeur, toxic compounds and carcinogenic compounds. There are two techniques to facilitate the manage ment of large amounts of data in environmental information systems. For the representation of envi ronmental data, a concept called spatial database views is proposed. Here, an environmental database only contains atomic objects at the largest resolution available. Molecular objects are repre sented by means of database views. For efficient spatial access to the data a concept termed oversize shelves is presented. Oversize shelves facilitate the handling of spa tial databases with great variance in object sizes. Some ma jor problems in environmental applications concern the hierarchical object structure and the great variance in ob ject sizes. Spatial database views can be used to model ob ject hierarchies and to avoid redundancies. Oversize shel- IXves are useful for the storage of large objects that would be partitioned into a large number of fragments if they we re inserted into the index structure as usual. Environmental information systems are being used to model impact assessment of water quality. The increase in population causes the natural resources to be used more than ever. Due to the rapid industrialization, the need for water quality management becomes more important. The objective of this study is to develop techniques for establishing an environmental information system and to explore its utility as an aid for evaluating water quality management in Porsuk River. Water quality management constitutes an integral part of the research project on“River Basin Management for the Sakarya Basin”. The project was designed in general, for major task to develop a better understanding of the water resources management and to explore the possibilities of integrated river basin management as the basis for the com prehensive, multi-purpose management of national water re sources. The study of water quality management in the Sa karya River Basin is particularly interesting, because it is the first of similar studies in Turkey, where quantity and quality have bbeen considered as major elements in a river basin management effort : previously reported river management studies did not include quality. The main objective of the water quality management project is to evaluate and regulate within a systems appro ach all relevant factors and parameters for a benefical use planning of the basin as for as land use and water use are concerned. In this framework, the project is expected to de liver information to water resources management and to as sess the effects of quantitative resources management on water quality. The objective interpreted for the Sakarya Ri ver Basin, sets the following scope for the project. - Pertinent description of the study are - Monitoring of river water quality identification of dominant mechanisms model calibration, verification and sensitivity analysis - Impact assessment from polluting sources development of a unified methodology and proce dure related to data collection from polluting sources. waste characterization, classification and com parative evaluation of industrial polluters, significance and priority evaluation of pollu tion sources. x- Water quality modelling structure evaluation, calibration, verification and sensitivity analysis. - Regulations on water quality criteria to be pro jected in Sakarya River Basin. - Waste allocation studies for polluting sources need assessment and conceptual framework for treatment and disposal of wastes from major pollutonts. - Effluent limitation guidelines and criteria for polluting sources. - Estimation of a methodology for water quality mo nitoring and enforcement. - Description and recommendation of the structural framework of an authority for a comprehensive qua lity management plan. Porsuk River water quality management studies is the first application of these approaches within the context of the project.Porsuk is a subbasin of Sakarya River and it is one of the important basins in Turkey. It is situated on the western part of Anatolia and located in the midth of a re- sidental area and heavy industrial activity. It seems that the area will develop even more when industrial and demo- graphical data are examined. The demand for water will in crease in terms of quality and quantity paralleling the de velopment within the basin. The demand can be supplied eit her from groundwater or surface water. The Porsuk River is the most important among the surface water resources. Presently, it serves the purposes of irrigation, industrial water supply and wastewater dis posal. However DSI (Department of Water Supply and Sewera ge) has planned the beneficial uses of the Porsuk River primarily as irrigation and drinking water in the future and secondary beneficial uses include industrial waste sup ply, fishing, recreation and wastewater disposal. At the present time, the Porsuk River is heavily polluted when com pared with the criteria of Turkish General Directorate of the Environment. The pollution comes from the domestic wastewater of two cities. Kütahya and Eskişehir and industrial wastewater originating from sugarbeets, slaughterhouses, nitrogen ferti lizer.textile, industries and the organized industrial dist rict situated in the subbasin. As was cited above the pol lution will increase even more as the population and in dustrial activities increase. Hence plans for water quali ty management should be started immediately. XIThis study aims to upgrade the water quality of the Porsuk River for the beneficial uses planned through the use of on information system about environmental impact as- sesment called by“CEDBIS”in I.T.U. In this environmental database system, the changes of water quality along Porsuk River in respect to the years have been evaluated by using the results of the measurements on stations situated along the river. xn
Benzer Tezler
- An Integrated approach of construction risk management and evaluation
Yapı risk yönetimi ve değerlendirilmesine bütünleşik bir yaklaşım
WAEL ABABNEH
Doktora
İngilizce
2000
Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliğiİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiPROF.DR. GÖNÜL YENERSOY ERDOĞAN
- Akıllı binaların ve tasarım sorunlarının tanıtılması
Introducing intelligent buildings and related design problems
GAMZE ÖZDEN
- Mekansal değerlendirmede algısal yargılara dayalı bir model
A Conceptual model relating to perceptual judgements in evaluation of spatial effects
SEMRA AYDINLI
- Kırsal toprak düzenlemesinde çevre bilgi sistemi
Environment information system in drawing up countryside region
NAİM ÖZGÜR KUTLU
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1998
Jeodezi ve FotogrametriYıldız Teknik ÜniversitesiJeodezi ve Fotogrametri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. ZERRİN DEMİREL
- Assessment of environmental effects of Antalya marine disposal system
Antalya deniz deşarj sisteminin çevresel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi
TAHİR BATI
Yüksek Lisans
İngilizce
1999
Çevre MühendisliğiDokuz Eylül ÜniversitesiÇevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. DAVUT ÖZDAĞLAR