Doğal gaz konut ve sanayi iç tesisatının bilgisayarla projelendirilmesi
By using computer programme designing of natural gas installation of building and industry systems
- Tez No: 21975
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. OSMAN F. GENCELİ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilgisayarlar, Doğal gaz, Endüstri, Konut, Tesisat, Computers, Natural gas, Industry, Dwelling house, Installation
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ÖZET. Günlük yaşantımıza girme durumundaki doğal gaz olayını bina giriş regülatöründen, gaz cihazına kadar olan kısmında ele alıp, gerekli boyutlandırmanın nasıl yapılacağını bir bilgisayar programı şeklinde sonuçlandıran bu incelemede ilk olarak, konu giriş bölümünde ana hatlarıyla ortaya konmuştur. 2. bölümde boru çapı tayinine geçmeden önce daha sonraki kısımlarda kullanılacak olan genel tarif ve kavramlara yer verilmiştir. üçüncü bölümde ise bilgisayar programına taban oluşturan binalardaki ve sanayideki boru çapı tayini hesap algoritması adım adım sunulurken 4. bölümde daha önceki bölümlerde anlatılanların ışığında yazılan bilgisayar programının herbir menusu ve sub-menusu gördüğü işlevler ile tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. 5, bölümde de sözkonusu bilgisayar programı örnek bir bina üzerinde uygulanmaya çalışılmış ve akabinde program çıktıları sunulmuştur. 6. ve son bölümde bilgisayar programının source kodu açıklayıcı notlar ile verilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Özet (Çeviri)
BY USING COHPUTER PROGRAKME, DESIGKIHG OF NATURAl. GAS IHSTALLATIOH OF BUZLDIHG AKO IHDUSTRY SYSTEHS SUNNARY Natural gas, ae defined herein, is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon g a ses found in porous formations beneath -the earth's surface, often in associa-tion with crude petroleum, The principal constituent of most natural gases is methane. Minör const.it.uent. are heavier hydrocarbons and certain nonhydrocarbons gases such as lt^f COgr HgS and He, Oxygen and argon ma y be present amount are usually very small. Some natura! gases contain majör proportions of saturated hydrocarbons heavier than methane. A few are devoid heavier hydrocarbons, and many contain significant quantities of öne ör more of the nonhydrocarbons roentioned above. The natural gas of commerce supplied to fuel gas markets, usually contains from 8O to 95 per cent methane and lesser amounts of ethane and propane. tfost of remainder is nitrogen. As an indicat-ion of the general coroposition of natural gas from some of -the majör gas fields in the worldwide and a few of t,he smaller fields in various part. of t-he count-ry, Table I presented, Our main subject. piping refers t.o pipe, tubing, and appliance connecvtors, -toget-her vit.h necessary fit-t-ings, joint-s, and valves, vhich convey gas froro the out-let. side of t.he met-er set, assembly ör t-he out-let. of t.he service regülatör <when t-here is no met-er) t.o t-he inlet- connection of appliances. Pipe refers t-o rigid pipe; tubing refers t.o semirigid tubing; and appliance connectors refer to DVGW - listed semirigid ör flexible connectors. The piping installation must supply the probable TDaximum gas deroand vithout undue pressure loss, Depending on local practic.es, allovable pressure loss betveen the meter and cache appliance is generally selected at 2.6 nıbar, A comınon operating pressure for residential and cororoercial piping is 2O - 21 robar, To deterroine the size of each section of pipe ör tubing in system vithin the ranges specified after than calculated DN as folloving section, Now let us obtain some installation rulesı Concealed gas piping should be located in hollov rather than solid partitions, Tubing shall not be run ^viiinside valls ör partitions unless protected against physical damage. This rule does not apply to tubing vhich passes through valin ör partitions, EKcept as provided in next paragraph), gas piping in solid floors such as concrete shall be laid in channels in the floor suitably covered to permit access to the piping vith a minimum of damage to the building. When piping in floor channels may be exposed to excessive moisture ör oorrosive substances, it shall be suitably protected. When approved by t-he au-thori-ty having jurisdict-ion and acceptable to the serving gas supplier, gas piping roay be embedded in concret.e floor slabs const.ruct.ed vith portland çemen t, Piping shall be surrounded vith minimum of l 1/2 inches of concrete and shall not. be physical contact vith other metal l iç st.ruct.ures such as reinforcing rods ör electrical neutral conductors, Vfhen piping may be subject to corrosion at point of entry into concrete slabr it shall be suitably protected from corrosion, Piping shall not. be embedded in concret-e slabs containing quickset additives ör cinder aggregate. When installing gas piping vhich is to be eonceited, unions, tubing fitt.ingsr running threads, right and lef t- coupling8p bushings, and sving joints made by combinations of fittinge shall not be usedr When necessary to insert fittings in gas pipe vhich has been installed in a concealed location, the pipe may be reconnected by use of a ground joint union vith the nut center - punched to prevent loosening by vibrat-ion, Reconnecting of tubing in a concealed location is prohibited. Piping underground shall be buried a sufficient depth ör covered in a manner so as to protect the piping from physical damage. Gas piping in contact vith earth other material vhich may corrode the pipingr shall be protected against. corrosion in an approved manner. Vfhen dissimilar metale are joined underground, an insulated coupling shall be used, Piping *tehall not. be laid in contact. vith cinders. Underground gas piping, vhen installed belov grade through the outer foundation ör basement vali of a building, shall be either encased in a sleeve ör othervise protected against. corrosion, The piping ör sleeve be sealed at the foundation ör basement vali to prevent ent-ry of gas ör vater, When the inetallation of gas piping underground beneath buildings is unavoidable, the piping shall be encased in a conduit. The conduit shall extend into a normal l y usable and accessible port-ion of the building and, at the point vhere the conduit. ter mi n ateş in the ixbuilding, the space between the conduit and the gas piping shall be sealed to prevent the possible entrance of any gas leakage. The conduit shall extend at least 4 inches outside the building, be vented above grade to the outside and be installed in a way as to prevent the entrance of water. Now let us deal with some installation and replacement of gas piping or gas appliances and repair of gas appliances: It shall be performed only by a qualified installing agency. By the term“qualified installing agency”is meant any individual, firm corporation or company which either in person or through a representative is engaged in and is responsible for the installation or replacement of gas piping on the outlet side of the meter or of the service regulator when a meter is not provided, or the connection, installation or repair of gas appliances, and who is experienced in such work, familiar with all precautions required, and has complied with all the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction. Mo person, unless in the employ of or having permission from the serving gas supplier, shall repair, alter, open or make connections to the service gas piping, or do any other work on the parts of the gas supply system up to the service regulator when a meter is not provided. No person, unless in the employ of having permission from the serving gas supplier, shall disconnect the inlet of the gas meter, or service regulator when a meter is not provided, nor move such meter or regulator. A gas fitter or plumber may disconnect the outlet of such a meter or regulator from the house piping only when necessary. He shall remake the joint at the meter or service regulator outlet when a meter is not provided, carefully replacing all insulating fittings or insulating parts of such fittings, and shall leave the gas turned off at the meter of regulator unless the serving gas supplier 's rules require or allow devotion from this procedure. In conclusion. In this project, it has been preparing complete computer programme including natural gas installation on the building and gas control lines of the combustion systems in the industry. While preparing this programme, it is obtained criterion's of TSE 7363 and of that based on establishment of DVGW (in Germany). It has been coming up obligation of selecting a database, because of too many tables and diagrams for calculating these criterion's. In this case, it is chosen a database called Dbase IV that most preferable and used in the world. While writing programme, to decrease the user error to minimum, either entering data section or solution section, it is giving the informative warning. Inaddition, it is presented the information for each menus on the bottom line of screen. All of print-out. are completely agreeable with the standards and there are several possibilities, Moreover, to be setting up complete computer programme, it has been added all sub-menus requested. XI
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