Mimari tasarımda çevreye uyum sorunları
Environmental adaptation problems in architectural design
- Tez No: 21763
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. EROL KULAKSIZOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Mimari tasarım, Çevreye uyum, Architectural design, Environmental adaptation
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ÖZET Tez çalışmasının birinci bölümünde çevrenin tanımlan yapılmakta ve çevrenin özellikleri ve bileşenleri incelenmektedir. Bunun yanında çevre ile insan ilişkilerinin de bilinmesi ve görsel vurguyu sağlayan biçim, renk, doku ve malzeme özellikleri de yeni tasarlanacak binalarda çevre uyumunun sağlanmasında yarar sağlayacaktır. İkinci bölümde' ise mimarlık tarihinde fiziksel çevreye uyum kavramına değinilmiş mimari moda ve akımların çevreye ne gibi değerler ve anlamlar kazandırdıkları veya çevreden ne gibi değerler götürdükleri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. üçüncü ve son bölümde ise çevre uyumunu sağlayayabilecek birtakım yaklaşımlara değinilmektedir.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION PROBLEMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Designing new environment compatible with the existing built environment has been a major problem in general. Efforts to understand environmental aesthetics have been searched by many investigators in many areas like architecture, city planning, environmental psychology, etc. Some of these questions are like,“ How do people react to the visual character of their surroundings ? ”“ What can planners do to improve the aesthetic quality of these surroundings? ”“ What do people really expect from their environments? ”That shows the sensitivity and respect to the environment and on the other hand, the desire to create more meaningful environments that identify the culture and the existence of man. The question of the design of new buildings, and at the same time to adapt them to man and his environment is difficult in architecture. There are no formulas or simple manuals about that problem. There is never one solution in architecture as in art. And making of architecture is never breaking some rules. Architecture is a creative process that have visual affects and relations with man and environment. Compatibility is the most basis problem of architectural creativity. Integration of new buildings with their environments plays a significant role in providing the continuity of cultural and sociological values. In chapter one the definition of the environment is made, and the meaning and relationships between man and environment have been discussed. It is very useful to know and analysis the relationship and make same quotations about it.1 1 Environment consist of several systems and has many components. They come to existence by nature or they are manmade. Human has formed his environment by his needs. Human existence does not develop in vacuum, but as a part of his own and spatial environment, with which man has immense different and complex relationships. So he created forms in order to express his feelings and to respond his needs. We do in fact say that everything which happens“takes place”is the expression of existence and significance of a place where“life ”is 1 ived. Each place has its own character and this situation is expressed by the term“genius loci”. In order to built in such an environment we must know the sprit of the place. On the other hand buildings can symbolize personal and public attitudes concerning the importance of one place over another. It is architects who have to express public and private values. In order to solve the problem we can examine the main components of the environment. These components shows us how look an environment like and what kind of visual qualities does it possess. These factors are important because they reflect the main general characteristics of the surrounding. For example many guidelines simply require that a certain number of visual design relationships (e.g. scale, height, volume, texture, form etc.) be maintained, but it is left up to the designer to choose which of these relationships are most significant. In chapter two, the approaches about the contextual compatibility is mentioned in recent times and today. The role of International Style in serving contemporary architecture from the past is important. Ever since Adolf Loos said in 1906 that“ ornament is a crime ”architects have refused ornament in buildings. They have refused any formal rememberence from the past too. The buildings and environments have lost their symbolic reference to the past. Because the International style is built on such a set ideologies alien to the architecture of the past, building of the last 50 and 60 years have failed to integrate with their neighbours and their environments.in The same happened in Turkey within these and following years. Instead to create an original architecture that reflects Turkish culture and tradition, many architects have fallen into the same mistake. Maybe it has an economical reason in it, but the buildings has got familiar with the ones in USA or Europe. The old Turkish forms that comes throughout the years has turned easily to box and box like forms. Architects nowadays, are beginning to acknowledge the fading of the international style and opening themselves to new trends that include more humanistic and responsive view of the past. E.g. regional and traditional architecture is one of most respective and meaningful trend that provides formal and historical continuity between the building and environment. It has some kind of formal spatial and confidence in it. The reason in it is, that all the physiological characteristics and elements like nature, topography, material, surface, climate, etc. has shaped the environment and the architectural space. In the third and last chapter same thoughts and approaches are made in order to make some design solutions fitting to the environment. It is very useful to make an analysis of the environment if we want to fix and to know about it. These analysis' can be in various ways like typological, historical, stastistical, formal or semantic. The aesthetic quality of one environment depends on the environmental characteristics as materials, color, scale, rhythm, and other visual elements or effects. These qualities should be visualized not merely in static but in dynamic situations while viewing the district from different time and space perspectives. These visual characteristics are the following A. Environmental site location: * The most important thing is the organization of spaces. Site organization has to do with the basic spatial pattern that a building imposes on the site. Tactics as setback distances, landscaping patterns, and circulationTV pathways contribute to the definition of this spatial pattern. The main parts of site organization are, 1. The spatial relationship between buildings 2. The density of buildings 3. The arrangement of building with different architectural form. 4. Proportional relationship with buildings 5. Landscape B. The characteristics of massing * The volume and mass of the building is decisive in the visual influence in the environment. The massing of a building is really a volumetric composition, defined in term of design attributes as 1. Form of the building 2. Height of the building 3. Number of the floors and height 4. Technology 5. Material 6. Form of the roof 7. Form, color,* and texture specifications 8. Style Î. Facade organization * The rhythm and movements of the planes and elements that shapes that determines about the shell of the bui T ding The facade design here is used to mean the surface treatment of the planes (i.e. elevations) thrat define the shell of the buildings. The proportioning of windows and the use of material and color are main visual parts of it. 1. Form and scale of the windows 2. Proportion of wall and windows 3. Arrangement of windows and doors on the outer wal IsThese criterias may be defined as adaptation or preservation criterias. Following these criterias architects can develop many designs for their projects. Each design must have some visual relationships to the existing buildings and environments in term of color, material, height, mass, proportion and scale. After all these thoughts and ideas we can made some conclusions that can help us to design our new buildings having compatibility in built environments : Examining the components of the environment and interpreting them carefully without damaging the image and meaning. Using and handling with care, getting figures from the history but no imitation of the old. Formal reflection of the past that not disturb human eye Using same materials in regional areas and surroundings in order have contact with the tradition and history. All these criterias could bring some developments to the problem of how to preserve the old and respect it, whilst on the other hand to design a new building which must be compatible with the existing environment. The visual compatibility of the buildings with their surrounding can be improved through replication and interpretation of the site organization and massing.
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