DC/DC çevirici yardımıyla doğru akım motor hız kontrolü
DC motor speed control by using DC/DC converter
- Tez No: 14173
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. NEJAT TUNCAY
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği, Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğru akım motorları, Hız denetimi, Direct current motors, Speed control
- Yıl: 1990
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmada dc/dc çevirici kullanarak doğru akım motor hız kontrolü yapılmıştır. Doğru gerilim şebekeden alınıp dc/dc çeviriciye uygulanmıştır. Bu projede dc/dc çevirme işleminde darbe genişlik modülasyonu ilkesi temel alınmıştır. Kıyıcı, çıkışındaki güç mosfed transistorleri yardımı ile 400 V`da max 13 A' lık akımı motora sağlaya bilir. Dc/dc çevirici, anahtarlamalı olarak: çal ıştırılmaktadır. Bu projede motor 'un iki bölgede çalışması ger çekleştirilmiştir. Motor miline bağlı bir takogeneratör yardımı ile sistemin his geribeslemesi gerçekleştirilmiş tir. v -
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL BY USING DC/DC CONVERTER Dc/dc converters, commonly called choppers because o-f their principle of operation, 5rs employed to vary the average value o-f the direct voltage applied to a lead circuit by introducing one or more thyristar between the load circuit and a dc source. The -function of a chopper is illustrated by Fig 1.1a. (b) Fiej 1,1 t-unctian of a ZC Chop pes The manner in which the average load voltage is reduce below that of the source is illustrated in Fig 1.1b. This shows that the chopper applies a train o-f unidirectional voltage pulses to the load circuit, tne agnitude of these pulses being the same as tha~ a- m ne vı -source voltage» Load voltage V may be varied in one of these different ways» i» t0N may be varied, while periodic time T is held constand - pulse witdh modulation» 2. tcU may be kept constant while T is varied - -fre quency modulatoin. 3. Combine pulse-witdh and frequency modulation. In practice, all choppers do not maintain the ide al output voltage variaton show in Fig l.ib, but it is convenient to ignore this possibility while discussing the basic principle of operation of the various types of chopper that may be built. In part 2, therfore, the con verters to be anal i zed and first briefly explained in terms of a highly simplified and idealized model» and they ars then anal i zed in the detail required by the cir cuit designer. Choppers are employed in variable speed dc drives, where it is desirable to eliminate the waste of energy :- the form of heat produce in starting or control register. or where the operating characterictics obtained by sucn methods of control would be unsatisfactory. Thus a chopper may be employed the supply the armature of a se- perately-excited dc motor, or to supply a series -wound dc motor. It follows that choppers a.rs employed in dc transportation drives all of kinds where the ability c- = chopper to impose a current limit on the load circuit is of part i c u I -B.r^ va 1 ue » Figure 1 » 2a illustrates the basic principles of a type A chopper, in which both V0 and Ie can only be posi tive. Dl is a free-wheeling diode» Two.possible condi tions of operation b.y^q illustrated in Figs. 1.2b and c, where it is assumed fehad the control is ov means of fre quency modulation. In Fig. 1.2b the load current ia is discontinuous, so chab during the interval for which i is zero, v0 =Ve w In Fig» 1.2c, the periodic time ~ has been reduce to sucn an extent that i h«-= not ceased to flow Ql is again iurn on» As a sequence, tne output voltage vQ consist of a -rain of rectangu- ar pulses o- magnitude V-, An L -crease of load cir^c\~:. ~: inductance L or a reduction of Vc would also tend to -esult i~ a ccr- t i n u. o u s o u t p u t c u r r e n t. Figure 1.3 illustrates a type 9 cnc-ssr, in wnich ls may be either positive or negative, but v0 can only be positive» A converter of this type may be employed wit“ a load circuit that is capable of regenerating ana retur ning energy to source V. Here there are two thyristor that can be turned on and commutated. For operation with positive output current, thyristor Ql and diode Dl arm controlled and function in exactly the same was as do t ”a - Vll -^c «on ^ >o -s-nnnp-“HK! f«> <W M. 2 Bas.ncipie üt ; tjp ;- - r n. thyrıstor and d iade af Fig, L2a. nor -pş”a::.:n wı nepative output currant elements 32 ana :_:¦:. ars smp - while Qİ is turn off. If Vc >0, and 32 is tur- a negative i0 will flow and energy from source v stored in inductance L. If 32 ıs zr.en rommucased, sitive value of v,_ will result and, in conjunction will drive current i0 _iqn source voltage Vc D2 and the suorce V, in this way supplying *ne ene stored in endue tance L to source.--'“ Figure 1.4 illustrates a chopper circuit: in wh both ve and ia may be made positive or negative, se telv or simultaneously» A converter at mis ~ype c men ill be ~ po- sifith i ode ich para- an - VIll-Provide both regeneration and reversal o-f the supply to the lead circuit. If the control is so arranged that reversal o-f v and i0 occur cyclically at the same fre quency, then the converter is in tact operating as a non-sinusoidal ac system, and -functions as a singla-phass bridge inverter. ;- i g ”£. o Converter Capable O-f Regeneration In practical chopper circuits, Oct and forced commutation may be employed, ter is much the mors common» I o a c z o mmu t a 1 ı al -;-:-uqh the 1 3.v- 25 D, So, Fia“i”4 Converter Capable O-f Reversal and -î.egenerst ı ~n In this project. %peed contra: cited dc motor has been purposed, dc ratings 1400 min'1, 220 V, 12 A, 2 kW. £;¦; of the motor is made by 220 v, 0.3 A. 7n-a control in the exciting control. Excitxng hold constant at rating values. ;5Psrateiy -s 'SH follow!:.ting wind ı r : is no anv.- ~_ _L ues were Dc voltage applied to the motor was realized by tr pulse witdh modulation technique. Drive o-f motor by- switching decreases the power- losses in the active ele ments and increases e-f-ficiency o-f the systeT-. - in -Dc voltage obtained from the dc tachogenerator is a applied to pulse witdt modulator with negative -feedback, when the motor speed decreases vol -age camming from tac hogenerator decreases» According to this pulse witdh modulator. prove the constant motor speed“by. increasing pulse witdhs going to motor» The -frequency of dc/dc converterused is h.7 kHz. Aktif elements used in output converter ar<s power mosfet transistors. Control part is isolated up to 25 kV by optacuplor. Thus security of the user is provided for the foulds for- in the power part. In the project, firstly PWM was made. For the iso lation 4N35 optacuplor which has the isolation of 24 kV is used. LH0024 operation amplifier is used a copparator in order to step up output signal of optacuplor. Modula ted square wave is applied to mosfeo transistors. PWM has been realised by LM3524 circuit manifacturing by national firm. Modulation ratio is varried by potan- tiometer by Pi. Motor turning at the modulation value rotates dc tachogenerator. The voltage regenerated from the tachogenerator goes to pulse witdh modulator as nega tive feedback. If the rotation of ;ns motor is slower than the rotation number optained c> PI, rotation of the motor increased by modulation or by vice versa. Load of of the motor can be varried. VCc1 = 12VDC o. u_. I İN35 t- ig 1.5, Circuit Producing F-lse Witdh ModulationFrequency of oscillator can be determined by R and C elements» In this project R = 7.2 K and C = 0.02/dF, According to the period is 150 /As, frequency is 6.7 kHz* resistances Rl 'and R2 is used to limit voltage at PI. Elements R5 and CI”filters the output of error amplifier as low pass filter. R3 is feedback resistance of error ampl if ier. Power transistors ars connected is series with motor and operated as a switching. Advantage of this is to degrease the energy convertered to head on power transis tors. Thus efficiency increases» Driving part sends pulse witdh modulator pulses to the motor. i<i -
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