Pendik-Gözdağ kuvarsit işletmeleri ve civarının mühendislik jeolojisi ve işletmeye etki eden faktörler
Engineering geology of the Pendik-Gözdağ open pits and arounds and parameters affect on the pits
- Tez No: 14147
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. ERDOĞAN YÜZER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Geological Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Kuvarsit, Mühendislik jeolojisi, İstanbul-Pendik, Quartzite, Engineering geology, İstanbul-Pendik
- Yıl: 1990
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Jeoloji Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmama istanbul'un doğusunda, Haydarpaşa'ya 26 km uzaklıkta bulunan Pendik Ytong Fabrikası kuvarsit ocakları ve civarının mühendislik Jeolojisi ve isletmeye etki eden malzeme Jeolojisi parametrelerini belirlemek amacı İle literatür araştırması arazi ve laboratuar çalışmalarından oluşmaktadır. İnceleme sahasındaki kuvarsitler, Pendik -Gözdağı, Tavşantepe arasında yaklaşık 180. 000 mS'lik bir yayılıma sahiptir. Çalışma sahasında kuvarsit-grovak grift serisi »kireçtaşı ve andezit daykları bulunmaktadır. Ytong hammaddesi olarak kullanılan kuvarsitlerin yayıl imim ve diğer birimlerle olan ilişkisini araştırmak amacı ile.stra- tigrafiktlitoiojlk ve yapısal olarak Özellikleri saptanmış ve çalışma bölgesinin İ/IOOO ölçekli mühendislik Jeolojisi haritası ve panel diyagramı hazırlanmıştır. Laboratuar çalışmalarında » özellikle isletilecek sahadan alınan kuvarsitlerin kimyasal» fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri saptanmış ve bunların ocak isletmesine ve ytong imalatına etkileri açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca terkedilmiş ocakların değerlendirilmesi ve restoras yonu hakkında alternetif çözümler önerilmiştir.
Özet (Çeviri)
3 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF THE PENDİK - GOZDAG OPEN PITS&AROUNDS AND PARAMETERS, AFFECT ON THE PITS SUMMARY This investigation was carried out in 1987 - 1989, to reaserch material geology parameters that affect on the open quartzite pits. These open pits belong to light Weight Material - YTONG Factory which is built near Pendik £6 km. of Istanbul. Investigation area about 150. OOO mS exists betveen Gözdag and Tavsantepe A large number of scientific and economic that inves tigation and reserching have done in several times. In these investigation, more detail study has been done by Prof. Dr.K. ERGUVA?^LIC19S7-19S5D. In that study, place of the Light Weight Material Ytong factory and supliying raw material Which are quartzite, limestone and industrial water had been purposed. The necasery raw materials for the Ytong factory are quartzite, limestone, water and special sol iti ons. In order to reaserch raw material, quartzite disso ciation and its borders with other rocks in the area,“the strati graphical, lithological and structural propeties of this material were examined and surface & subsurface engineering geological map that as a pannel diyagram map ped on 1/1 OOO scale maps. yv i';\Quartzite greywacke series, limestones and andesitic dykes are faund Csee map} The gr eywackes seen at the west of the investigated reûiûn.are greyish -brown in colour, clayey and micaceous; they pass laterally and vertically, from greywacke quart zite to coarse feldispathlc quart-sites and then to finely grainied missive quartsites which are seen at the up>per level c>t these series. They run from NW to SE with a dip of 15-45 HE. The quartzites are white in colour, coarse in the lower level and finely grained an the upper, with regular bedding, fractured, faulted and making small ondul ati ons. The age of the greywacke-quartzi te series was deter mined to be Silurian CLlandloverian} from the brachiopod fossils which are found in the greywacke - quartzites. Greyish - dark blue limestones lie with confirmity on the quartzite series. The lower beds of these limes tones are redish- brawn in colour, sandy contain 3 to 4 % of f el di s pa t hi c gr ai ns. Trie upper part of the lower beds contain corals-Hal i - cites- Their colour and texture change the upper beds and become greyish- blue and massive. They run in the direction NE - SW and E-W with small ondul ati ons and with a dip of 30 - 50. These limestones are karstic at the surface and show lapiaz, small caves and channels. This karstlf ication decreases towards the lower levels. Greywacke - quartzite series and limestones are cut by several andesitic dykes and the fructures and gravity faults in them are filled by clay. Raw material Quartzit.es occur in three different char act er i st i cs. These ar e fol 1 ows ; - Pure Quartzites - Gr eywackes - Quartzites - Konglomeratie Quartzites XIITills study aims to deter nil ne pure Quartzites dissoci ations and reserve and its phisical, chemical and mechani cal pr öper t i es. The chemical analysis of the pure quartzites which taken between the yol pits and Dogu pit gtave the average results: Si 0_ : 91. 6 CaO: 0. 4 MqO : O. 7 Fe, O. : 1.8 Al.- <X- : 1.2 id - eî 3 2 3 and loss due to ingnition O. 9 % This quality of the raw material is suitable for the Ytong factory Other '.experiments results that determined phislcal and mechanical properties, of quartzites were given as tables in the text. During the experiments, M. T. S. CMaterial Test System!) which is divided in two parts; mechanical and electronic parts, were used to deter nane the mechanical properties of the quartzites. The average indirect tession is calculated 74.6 kg/em In the result of the three dimensional pressure expi r ejnent s of quartzite, c CcohesionZ) is calculated 14,5 kg /'cm and o is calculated 62 these results where showed in the mohr- diyagram. The factors which affect on open quartzite pits were examined as follows ; - Differences lithology and thicneses of covered material. - Quality of quartzites - Housing aorund the quartzite pits. - Andsitie dykes and discontini ties - The areas of the waste meterials - Problem of surface and subsurface water Xitl- Stability - Climate - Economic conditions. These factors were detail explaned in the text. In the fifth section of the thesis» abration of limes tone and quartzite is compared. The results are shown by graphics. In the same section of the thesis t the drilling volaclty of the Wagon Drill in the quartzites is examined statistically and shown by tables. According to statistical examining the avarage drilling volacity is found lO cm per minute. The factors which affect on the volacity drilling in quartzites were examined as fallws; -Li tol ogy and Compos i t i on of nü nar al ogy -Fr equeney of Fr act ur es -Thicnesess of the Layer -Air press ur e »Rotary Pressure And Press pressure of The Wagon Drill -Rock bit -Other factors. In the sixth section, Turkey's quartzites beds were tel led and Pendi k -GoEdag quartzites were compared with the other quartzite beds. In the study area that quartzites reserve were calcu- 1 ated XIV.As a result, total qua.rtzit.es reserve is found 3. 600. OOO tones and useable quartzite reserve that between Yol pi t sand Dogu pit area is found 1. £4S. 540 tones. Trie borders and map of the calculated area are given in the text. In the other section» in the quartzites pits, original drilling geometry and amount of”the explosive were calculated. The results were given in the section. In the eight section of the thesis »article of Lanscape architect was t el led and given alternative sol iti ons. In this section, volumes of landscape pits are calculated. As a result of calculation total landscape volume is found 3 717.315 m. The results are given by tables in the section. The alternative suggest oin on landscape pits are as fallows; -The remains place of the existent waste material -The remains place of the building waste material -To exist a beutiful natural area -Hosing as Ytong-Kent -Ytong sports facilities -Ytong greenhose In the last section of the thesis all results and sugestion are summaried. XV
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