Bertrand Russell`in felsefi metodu
Bertrand Russell`s philosophical method
- Tez No: 100141
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. MURTAZA KORLAELÇİ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Felsefe, Philosophy
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Felsefe, Russell, Bertrand, Philosophy, Russell, Bertrand
- Yıl: 2001
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
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Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY We have planned to give our research on Bertrand Russell's philosophical method in three chapters. These are as follows: - Logical atomism according to Russell - Russell's thoughts on education - Russell's religious point of view - Russell's political point of view - According to Russell, analysis as a sicientific and philosophical method - Russell's way of practising the analysis method Chapter 1: A- In this chapter we described Russell's theory based on the relationship of language-world which is a result of his conveying his studies on logic and mathematics to philosophy. According to Russell the social language used in philosophy cause a bad philosophy and that is why he believes that the philosophy before his time is full of rubbish metaphysics. According to Russell, in order to prevent this, there is a need for a special kind of language. A language has to represent the world. In other words, a language is a common model or image between our thoughts and the outer world. Through this theory, Russell wanted to convey the certainty of mathematics to philosophy. In this chapter we also tried to present the practice of the analysis as 'the continuity of incomplete symbols'. B- In this chapter we gave Russell's view on education. Russell evaluated education from the point of view of a philosopher. He observed closely the education in the period he lived in. He criticised and introduced his own opinion on what he thought to be true. Like an educator he examined education from birth on till the graduation of university. C- We presented Russell's view on religion. Russell's approach to religion, being an agnostic, is completely negative. He regards religion as being an outcome of fear and thinks that a religious belief is the most important source of human uneasiness. But we found it suitable to criticise his view in parts, where we were not in agreement with him.D- In this chapter we examined his view on politics. Previously Russell was a follower of communism but later on he changed and became a harsh defender of democracy. Russell believed that people couldn't be heppy in surroundings which are not democratic and if they are not living the kind of life a human should live. He tries to solve the limitation of the human beings freedom, the duties that politicians have to do by keeping in mind the human psychology. Chapter 2: We explained why Russell Preferred the analysis method, the superiority of analysis method, why analysis method was accepted to be scientific by Russell, the characteristics of scientific method and the philosophy which is created by using the scientific method, and some defects that Russell found in the other methods. Chapter 3: In this chapter we presented Russell's way of practising analysis method. For this we thought of two headlines: a. Ontological analysis b. Formal and logistical analysis In the section ontological analysis we gave Russell's analysis on ontology from the historical point of view. In formal and logistical analysis we examined the analysis of the use of logic in various areas. Finally, we decided that Bertrand Russell is one of the greatest modern representatives of the analytical method. Russell does not state exactly what he means by analysis, but he gives examples of analysis and its practise. We came to the conclusion that he meant by analysis the real and relational definition. He tries to reach a certainty through definitions. According to him,, definitions are the basis of all kinds of knowledge. The precondition of each scientific study is the clarifying of the concept. Definitions are the most important way of explaining concepts and putting them in a cientific line. The thing that has been defined creates a clear image in the mind. 192
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